Anus, Rectum and Prostate EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
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Anus, Rectum and Prostate
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Anus, Rectum And Prostate
. Which of the following statements about the anal canal is true? *A)* The anal canal is about 2 cm long in the adult. *B)* The anal canal slants backward toward the sacrum. *C)* The anal canal contains hair and sebaceous glands. *D)* The anal canal is the outlet for the gastrointestinal tract. co...
1. Which of the following statements about the anal canal is true? *A)* The anal canal is
about 2 cm long in the adult. *B)* The anal canal slants backward toward the sacrum.
*C)* The anal canal contains hair and sebaceous glands. *D)* The anal canal is the
outlet for the gastrointestinal tract. correct answers ANS: D The anal canal is the outlet
for the gastrointestinal tract, and it is about 3.8 cm long in the adult.
2. Which of the following statements about the sphincters is true? *A)* The internal
sphincter is under voluntary control. *B)* The external sphincter is under voluntary
control. *C)* Both sphincters remain slightly relaxed at all times. *D)* The internal
sphincter surrounds the external sphincter. correct answers ANS: B The external
sphincter surrounds the internal sphincter but also has a small section overriding the tip
of the internal sphincter at the opening. It is under voluntary control.
3. The nurse is performing an examination of the anus and rectum. Which of the
following is important to remember during this examination? *A)* The rectum is about 8
cm long. *B)* The anorectal junction cannot be palpated. *C)* Above the anal canal, the
rectum turns anteriorly. *D)* There are no sensory nerves in the anal canal or rectum.
correct answers ANS: B The anal columns are folds of mucosa that extend vertically
down from the rectum and end in the anorectal junction. This junction is not palpable,
but it is visible on proctoscopy.
4. The structure that secretes a thin, milky alkaline fluid to enhance the viability of sperm
is the: *A)* Cowper's gland. *B)* prostate gland. *C)* median sulcus. *D)* seminal
vesicle. correct answers ANS: B In men, the prostate gland lies in front of the anterior
wall of the rectum. It surrounds the bladder neck and the urethra, and it secretes a thin,
milky alkaline fluid that aids sperm viability.
5. A 46-year-old man requires assessment of his sigmoid colon. Which of the following
is most appropriate for this examination? *A)* A proctoscope *B)* An ultrasound *C)* A
colonoscope *D)* A rectal exam with an examining finger correct answers ANS: C The
sigmoid colon is 40 cm long and is accessible to examination only through the
colonoscope.
6. The nurse is caring for a newborn infant. Thirty hours after birth, the infant passes a
dark green meconium stool. The nurse recognizes that this is important because: *A)*
this stool would indicate anal patency. *B)* the dark green colour could indicate occult
blood in the stool. *C)* meconium stool can be reflective of distress in the newborn. *D)*
the newborn should have passed the first stool within 12 hours after birth. correct
answers ANS: A The first stool passed by the newborn is dark green meconium and
occurs within 24 to 48 hours of birth, indicating anal patency.
, 7. During the assessment of an 18-month-old, the mother expresses concern to the
nurse about the infant's inability to toilet train. What would be the nurse's best
response? *A)* "Some children are just more difficult to train, so I wouldn't worry about it
yet." *B)* "Have you considered reading any of the books on toilet training? They can be
very helpful." *C)* "This could mean there is a problem in your baby's development.
We'll watch her closely for the next few months." *D)* "The nerves that will allow your
baby to have control over the passing of stools are not developed until at least 18 to 24
months of age." correct answers ANS: D The infant passes stools by reflex. Voluntary
control of the external anal sphincter cannot occur until the nerves supplying the area
have become fully myelinated, usually around 1½ to 2 years of age. Toilet training
usually starts after 2 years of age.
8. A 60-year-old man has just been told he has benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). He
has a friend who just died from prostate cancer and is concerned this will happen to
him. How should the nurse respond? *A)* "The swelling in your prostate is only
temporary and will go away." *B)* "We will treat you with chemotherapy so we can
control the cancer." *C)* "It would be very unusual for a man your age to have prostate
cancer." *D)* "The enlargement of your prostate is caused by hormone changes and not
cancer." correct answers ANS: D The prostate gland commonly starts to enlarge during
the middle adult years. This BPH is present in 1 out of 10 males at the age of 40 years
and increases with age. It is thought that the hypertrophy is caused by hormonal
imbalance that leads to the proliferation of benign adenomas.
9. A 30-year-old woman is visiting the clinic for a complaint of "pain in my bottom when I
have a bowel movement." The nurse should assess for which problem? *A)* Pinworms
*B)* Hemorrhoids *C)* Food poisoning *D)* Fecal incontinence correct answers ANS: B
Having painful bowel movements, known as dyschezia, may be due to a local condition
(hemorrhoid or fissure) or constipation.
10. A patient who is visiting the clinic complains of having "stomach pains for 2 weeks"
and describes his stools as being "soft and black" for about the last 10 days. He denies
taking any medications. The nurse is aware that these symptoms are most indicative of:
*A)* excessive fat caused by malabsorption. *B)* increased iron intake resulting from a
change in diet. *C)* occult blood resulting from gastrointestinal bleeding. *D)* increase
in bile pigment from liver problems. correct answers ANS: C Black stools may be tarry
due to occult blood (melena) from gastrointestinal bleeding or nontarry from ingestion of
iron medications.
11. After completing an assessment of a 60-year-old man with a family history of colon
cancer, the nurse discusses early detection measures for colon cancer with him. The
nurse is sure to mention the need for a(n): *A)* annual proctoscopy. *B)* colonoscopy
every 5 years. *C)* fecal test for blood every 2 years. *D)* digital rectal examination
(DRE) every 2 years. correct answers ANS: B Early detection for colon cancer includes
a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) at least every 2 years after 50 years of age for both
men and women; a positive FOBT may be followed up by a flexible sigmoidoscopy.
With a family history, a colonoscopy should be performed every 5 years beginning at 40
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