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Summary AQA Politics Paper 1 Political Parties Revision Notes $10.19   Add to cart

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Summary AQA Politics Paper 1 Political Parties Revision Notes

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AQA Government and Politics Chapter 8: Political Parties (Revision Notes) Updated 2023/2024 This Resource includes my extensive revision notes for the 'Political Parties' topic - also including a list of key definitions alongside a specification checklist (+ topics that have already come up) ...

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  • August 14, 2024
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Chapter 8 – Political Parties




Ideology – Core beliefs and ideas of a political party
Party Structure – The organisation of political parties at both local and national level
Party System – The way in which political parties operate in a country
Party Funding – Method used by a political party to raise money for campaigns / activities
Party Functions – A political party’s key roles (contesting elections and seeking to hold
power)
Minor Parties – Smaller political parties that often have few or no MPs (Green Party / Brexit
Party)
Political Agenda – Issues that are the subject of decision-making / debate by those w/
political power


Origins, Ideas, Development, and Policies of UK Political
Parties
THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY
One-Nation Conservatism
 Developed by Benjamin Disraeli to attract support from working-class voters, focused on the
duty and responsibility of those with power/privilege (paternalism)
 State protects the vulnerable through public services, without penalising the rich nor
dismantling free-market capitalism / redistributing wealth
 Benjamin Disraeli - “The palace is not safe when the cottage is not happy”
 David Cameron – “Big Society”
 Theresa May wished to follow one-nation policies, yet her 2017 manifesto of supporting
grammar schools, fox hunting, and removing free school lunches suggested a diversion from
Cameron’s modern conservatism
 Boris Johnson December 2019 speech – “members of our new one-nation government, a
people’s government”


Buskellite Conservatism

,  After 1945 Labour landslide and establishment of Welfare State / NHS, Conservative party
shifted further to the centre and accepted bulk of Labour’s reforms
 Thus 1950s-1960s = large overlap / consensus in many key policy areas between the two
parties
 ‘Buskellite Conservatism’ = pro-European, and Conservatives were keen to join the EEC
(Labour at the time were more Eurosceptic)
 Conservative PM Edward Heath led the UK into the EEC in 1973


Traditional Values
 Supports traditional nuclear family and institution of marriage
 Maintains a firm line on immigration policy
 Traditional values seen in John Major’s ‘Back to Basics’ campaign in 1993
 1988 = Section 28 passed, banning promotion of homosexuality in schools
 Home Secretary Theresa May promised to create a ‘hostile environment’ for immigrants
 Criticised for embracing elements of racism – Enoch Powell ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech 1968


Thatcherism
 Radical, orthodox social conservatism with a neo-liberal economy
 Thatcher wanted to promote individual freedom, represented conviction > compromise
 Included monetarist economic policy, deregulation of finance and trade, privatisation of
industry, and restriction of trade union powers
 “Roll back the frontiers of the state”, denationalise industries, encourage council tenants to
buy their own homes, lower taxes (especially on income)
 1984-85 Miner’s Strike = Thatcher Government broke the power of the National Union of
Mineworkers (NUM), one of the UK’s most formidable unions
 Confident + assertive foreign policy (Falklands War 1982)


Policies and principles of the modern Conservative Party (2019)
 Extra funding for NHS, 50,000 more nurses and 50 million more GP surgery appointments a
year (Buskellite Conservatism)
 20,000 additional police officers and tougher sentencing for criminals (Traditional Values)
 Australian-style points-based system to control immigration (Traditional Values)
 Promise to not raise rate of income tax / VAT / National Insurance (Thatcherism)
 ‘Get Brexit Done’ / remove power/influence of institutions such as the ECtHR
(Thatcherism/One-Nation – strong emphasis on sovereignty of the nation-state)
 Maintain ‘triple lock’ on pensions (One-Nation)
 Make GB a world leader in tackling plastic pollution, and create an independent office for
Environmental Protection (Buskellite / One-Nation)
 Keep minimum voting age to 18 (Traditional Values)
 Everyone who can work should work, Universal Credit, crack down on benefit fraud
(Thatcherism – reduce welfare dependency culture)




Divisions within the Conservative Party

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