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Summary Anatomy: Ear and the Auditory system
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These are the notes covering the anatomy aspect of the ear and auditory system.
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Anatomy: Ear and the Auditory systemSenses: It is the ability of an organism too accept and interpret signals from the external or
the internal environment.
Organ of Hearing- Ear
Contains of 3 parts which include the external, middle and the internal.
1. External ear: This part of the ear is responsible for sound waves.
2. Middle ear: Transmits sound waves in vibrations of fluid(perilymph) In a cochlea.
3. Internal ear: In which the vibrations of the perilymph are transformed into nerve
impulses.
External Ear
The external ear has three main parts which include:
External Ear Middle ear
Auricle/ pinna: Elastic cartilage covered by the skin.
external auditory meatus: outer 1/3 of the canal is formed by ear
Internal the cartilage and the
inner 2/3 lies in the petrous part of the temporal bone.
tympanic membrane: separates the external ear from the middle.
Auricle/pinna
Tympanic membrane
External auditory
meatus
, Parts of the Auricle/Pinna – External part of the ear.
1. Helix: elevated arched margin of the auricle.
2. Antihelix: elevated distinction of cartilage
3. Scapha: narrow groove between the helix and
antihelix on the anterior surface of the auricle.
4. Concha of auricle: depression on the anterior
surface of the auricle.
Upper part (cymba conchae)
Inferior part (cavity of concha)
5. Tragus: process in front of the concha.
6. Antitragus: process below the concha facing the tragus
7. Intertragic notch: notch between the tragus and antitragus
8. Lobule of auricle: earlobe does not contain cartilage.
Ear Deformities
Most of the ear deformities or malformations of the ear are due too:
1. Congenital which is present at birth.
2. Occurs due to a disease or trauma later in life.
Ear deformities can be a symptom of a genetic disorder such as CHARGE or
Goldenhar syndromes which is due to a genetic mutation.
Other contributors to causing ear deformities include:
1. Maternal viral infection such as rubella or flu
2. Insufficient blood supply during foetal development
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