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Test Bank for Concise Introduction to Logic: Exam 1 (14th Edition by Patrick J. Hurley)
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Test Bank for Concise Introduction toLogic: Exam 1 (14th Edition by Patrick J.
Hurley)
Logic - ANSthe organized body of knowledge, or science, that evaluates arguments
Argument - ANSa group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to
provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the others (the conclusion)
Premises - ANSthe statements that set forth the reasons or evidence
Conclusion - ANSthe statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply
What are not statements? - ANS-Question
-Proposal
-Suggestion
-Command
-Exclamation
List some conclusion indicators - ANS-Therefore
-Wherefore
-Thus
-Consequently
-We May Infer
-Accordingly
-We may conclude
-It must be that
-For this reason
-So
-Entails that
-Hence
-it follows that
-it implies that
-as a result
List some premise indicators - ANS-Since
-As indicated by
-because
-for
,-in that
-may be inferred from
-as
-given that
-seeing that
-for the reason that
-inasmuch as
-owing to
FIND THE PREMISE AND CONCLUSION:
"Expectant mothers should never use recreational drugs, since the use of drugs of these drugs
can jeopardize the development of the fetus." - ANSPremise: "Since the use of these drugs can
jeopardize the development of the fetus."
Conclusion: "Expectant mothers should never use recreational drugs."
Inference - ANSthe reasoning process expressed by an argument
Proposition - ANSthe meaning or information content of a statement
Identifying Premise and Conclusion Practice!
Artists and poets look at the world and seek relationships and order. But they translate their
ideas to canvas, or to marble, or into poetic images. Scientists try to find relationships between
different objects and events. To express the order they find, they create hypotheses and
theories. Thus the great scientific theories are easily compared to great art and great literature. -
ANSP1: Artists and Poets look at the world and seek relationships and order.
P2: But they translate their ideas to canvas, or to marble, or into poetic images.
P3: Scientists try to find relationships between different objects and events.
P4: To express the order they find, they create hypotheses and theories.
C: Thus the great scientific theories are easily compared to great art and great literature.
Identifying Premise and Conclusion Practice!
Since the secondary light [from the moon] does not inherently belong to the moon and is not
received from any star or from the sun, and since in the whole universe there is no other body
left but the earth, what must we conclude? What is to be proposed? Surely we must assert that
the lunar body (Or any other dark and sunless orb) is illuminated by the earth. - ANSP1: Since
, the secondary light [from the moon] does not inherently belong to the moon and is not received
from any star or from the sun
P2: in the whole universe there is no other body left but the earth
C: the lunar body (Or any other dark and sunless orb) is illuminated by the earth
Identifying Premise and Conclusion Practice!
Though it is possible that REM sleep and dreaming are not necessary in the adult, REM
deprivation studies seem to suggest otherwise. Why would REM pressure increase with
deprivation if the system is unimportant in the adult? - ANSP1: REM deprivation studies seem to
suggest otherwise.
P2: This would not occur if REM sleep and dreaming were unimportant.
C:REM sleep and dreaming are necessary in the adult.
T or F: Some arguments have more than one conclusion? - ANSFalse
T or F: In the strict sense of the terms, inference and argument have exactly the same meaning.
- ANSFalse
What is an Explicit Claim? - ANSAsserted b y Premise or Conclusion Indicator words
Examples: Thus, Since, Because, Hence, Therefore, Ect.
"The Ebola virus has yet to be eradicated, and it kills on average 50 percent of those it infects.
Thus, Ebola remains as threat to human health."
What are Noninferential Passages - ANSUnproblematic passages that lack a claim that
anything is being proved. *Not arguments*
Examples of Noninferential passages - ANS-Warning
-Piece of Advice
-Opinions
-Loosely associated statements
-Reports
Expository Passage - ANSDiscourse that beings with a topic sentence followed by one more
more sentences that develop the topic sentence. Not an argument unless the topic sentences
are proven.
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