Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What is the alcohol functional group?
Answer: R-OH
2.
Explain the solubility of alcohols
Answer: Alcohol –OH group has ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
3.
Explain the relatively low volatility of alcohols compared with alkanes
Answer: Alcohol molecules are able to hydrogen bond between each other Alkanes only have London Forces Hydrogen bonding is stronger than London Forces therefore requires more energy to overcome
4.
Outline the different classifications of alcohols
Answer: Classification is determined by the number of alkyl groups bonded to the carbon of the hydroxyl group
5.
What are the different reactions alcohols can undergo
Answer: Combustion Oxidation with an oxidising agent Elimination of H2O reactions with acid catalysts Substitution with halide ions in the presence of acid
6.
What are the 2 products of complete combustion of an alcohol
Answer: Carbon dioxide and water (vapour)
7.
Definition of an oxidising agent
Answer: A substance that causes the oxidation (gain of oxygen, loss of hydrogen or loss of electrons) by being reduced (losing oxygen, gaining hydrogen or gaining electrons) itself
8.
Give the name and formulae of the oxidising agent used for oxidising alcohols
Answer: Acidified potassium (or sodium) dichromate H2SO4 / K2Cr2O7 Acid usually conc.
9.
What is the expected colour change when acidified potassium dichromate oxidises an alcohol
Answer: Orange to green
10.
Explain why distillation is used to form an aldehyde when oxidising a primary alcohol
Answer: Aldehydes cannot form hydrogen bonds and therefore have a lower boiling point than alcohols Therefore once formed, the aldehyde quickly boils and is separated from the oxidising agent before further oxidation can take place
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