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Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs Detailed Questions and Expert Answers
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Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs Detailed Questions and Expert Answers
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Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs Detailed Questionsand Expert Answers
Sedatives - ANS Should reduce anxiety and exert a CALMING effect with little or no
effect on motor or mental functions.
Degree of CNS depression should be the minimum consistent with therapeutic
efficacy.
Hypnotics - ANS Should produce DROWSINESS and encourage the onset and
maintenance of a sleep state that as far as possible resembles the natural sleep
state.
Hypnotic effects involve more PRONOUNCED CNS DEPRESSION than sedation.
**Can be achieved with most sedative drugs by increasing the dose.
Dose-Response Relationships for Sedative-Hypnotics - ANS Older sedative-
hypnotics: LINEAR dose response curve
- As you increase the dose, you get increasingly worse effects (sedation -->
hypnosis --> anesthesia --> respiratory depression --> coma --> death)
- Newer sedative-hypnotics: NON-LINEAR dose response curve
- After a point, no matter how much you increase the dose, you will not see
increased effects.
, Benzodiazepines - ANS Anxiolytic drugs
- Safer and more effective than barbiturates for anxiety
Benzodiazepine Receptors: BZ1 + BZ2
MOA:
- Bind to GABA(A) receptors (chloride channels) between alpha and gamma
subunits (different than GABA binding sites between alpha and beta subunits)
- ALLOSTERICALLY enhance GABA's effects
- INCREASE in FREQUENCY of channel opening
**Left-shift of move dose-response curve
--> dec. EC50 (makes GABA more potent)
ACTIONS:
- DEC. ANXIETY
- SEDATIVE + HYPNOTIC
- ANTICONVULSANT
- MUSCLE RELAXANT
- ANESTHESIA
PHARMACOKINETICS:
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