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CCEB - BIOCHEMISTRY PATHWAYS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CCEB - BIOCHEMISTRY PATHWAYS EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are catecholamines composed of? - Answer: Tyrosine.
The rate-limiting stage in catecholamine synthesis is the conversion of tyrosine to
DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase.
Catecholamine cofactors - ANSWER Tyrosine hydroxylase
Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase.
Vitamin C
Copper
What Degrades Dopamine - MAO
What is serotonin generated from? ANSWER: Tryptophan
The rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin production is tryptophan hydroxylase.
What is serotonin transformed to? Melatonin.
Where does the majority of serotonin become secreted? - ANSWER Gut lining
The function of serotonin is to influence mood.
,Platelet Aggregation
Endogenous opioids - ANSWER A class of peptide transmitters known as the
body's own narcotics. There are three kinds: enkephalins, endorphins, and
dynorphins.
The most frequent neurotransmitter is glutamate.
What is the starting material for GABA synthesis? - ANSWER Glutamate is
produced by glutamic acid decarboxylase.
Where is glycine most usually found? Spinal cord and brainstem
What determines the saturation of a fatty acid? ANSWER: the amount of double
bonds
Examples of saturated fats include butter and lard.
Examples of monounsaturated fats include olive, canola, peanut, and sunflower.
Examples of polyunsaturated fats include safflower, corn, soybean, cottonseed, and
sunflower.
Palmitic acid contains 16 carbons.
Number of carbons in oleic acid omega 9 - ANSWER 18 (mono unsaturated at 9)
Number of carbons in linoleic acid omega 6 - ANSWER 18 Di unsaturated between
9 and 12
, The number of carbons in linolenic acid omega 3 is 18 (tri unsaturated at 9, 12, 15).
Arachidonic acid contains 20 carbons.
ANSWER: Essential fatty acids that the liver cannot produce.
-Must be consumed.
-required to produce eicosanoid molecules.
**Linoleic Acid**
Linoleic acid is an inflammatory omega-6 fatty acid.
Arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid produced from linoleum acid, is
considered semi-essential.
Alpha-linolenic acid is a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid that has
anti-inflammatory properties and belongs to the omega-3 fatty acid family.
There are two kinds of alpha-linolenic acid - Answer: EPA and DHA.
Butyrate is a tiny fat particle created by bacteria fermenting viscous, soluble fibers;
it is the colon cells' main energy source.
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