different from the instructional setting.
~~~ Setting/situation maintenance
This is the extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally
equivalent to the trained target behavior
~~~ Response generalization
A learner's untrained but functionally equivalent responses...
each of the following is an example of a behavior except
✓ ~~~ blinking your eye
a behavior chain with a limited hold means
✓ ~~~ the entire chain or steps within the chain must be completed in a given period
of time
behavior chains and chaining procedures are important because
✓ ~~~ *There are many behaviors that are considered behavior chains, and these
behaviors lead to more independence in life.
*Chaining can be combined with many other teaching procedures so that behaviors
can be taught in a variety of contexts.
*Chaining is an efficient training procedure-it can be used to combine already
existing repertoires of behavior into new behaviors.
* All of these
How are forward and backward chaining different?
✓ ~~~ Forward chaining means the learner learns the first step first in the sequence
and backward chaining means the learner learns the last behavior in the sequence
first (but the steps are still learned in the correct sequence).
If you want to create a task analysis for a behavior you have no idea how to do
yourself, how could you construct it?
✓ ~~~ *You could find people who are good at the behavior and ask them how to do it.
*You could watch people who know how to do the task and observe what they do.
*You could go to the literature to see if there are any published task analyses of the
behavior.
*All of these.
What is a risk of choosing the single-opportunity method of assessment for
assessing mastery of a task analysis?
✓ ~~~ You may underestimate the learner's abilities.
Breaking down longer chains into smaller chains and/or skill clusters, teaching each
skill cluster, and then chaining each skill cluster is a variation of which form of
behavior chaining?
✓ ~~~ Forward chaining
,Peer models have been used to teach children with disabilities to perform complex
tasks using which form of chaining?
✓ ~~~ Total task chaining
The behavior chain interruption strategy (BCIS) can be used to:
✓ ~~~ Increase speech, picture communication, and microswitch activation.
Kara has been learning to board a public bus, put money in the slot, and sit in her
seat, waiting for her stop. Then, she pushes the button to indicate when she wants to
get off. She has practiced this skill in her small hometown, where there are rarely
more than 5 people on the bus. She traveled to Chicago with her parents to visit her
aunt. She rode the bus with her parents in Chicago and was unable to do many
steps in the chain. For example, she wasn't able to put her money in the slot, and
she had difficulty choosing a seat. Her parents noticed that she was very distracted
by all the people on the bus, as compared to the few people who are on the bus at
home. Which of the following is the most likely reason that Kara wasn't able to
perform steps in the chain she had learned so well at home?
✓ ~~~ There were novel stimuli present in Chicago that weren't present at home and
that interfered with Kara's chain.
before you use a chaining procedure, it is recommended that you task analyze the
skill to be taught. what does it mean to task analyze?
✓ ~~~ make a sequential list of all the smaller substeps of the task to be trained
if you are teaching a student to make a peanut butter sandwich, which of the
following represents a total task chaining approach?
✓ ~~~ having the student complete all steps of the task while the trainer provides the
necessary level of prompt at each step
one advantage to backward chaining procedure is
✓ ~~~ it is the chaining procedure that results in the most immediate access to the
reinforcer following the display of a correct response in the behavioral chain
every step in a behavior chain serves two functions: as SD for the subsequent step
and as a conditioned reinforcer for the preceding step
✓ ~~~ false
a behavior chain with a limited hold results in performance that is both accurate and
fluent
✓ ~~~ true
there are only a few skills in every day life that are considered behavioral chains
, ✓ ~~~ false
if a person has a number of behaviors already in their repetoire, chaining can be
used to put these behaviors together in unique sequences in order to teach them a
new behavior
✓ ~~~ true
in order to construct a task analysis, it is acceptable and valid to perform the
behavior yourself and write down the steps to the skill as you perform them
✓ ~~~ true
once you have developed a task analysis, you should not change the sequence of
the steps, add steps, or remove steps in the analysis. this invalidated the task
analysis.
✓ ~~~ false
a task analysis for one person can look completely different from a task analysis for
another person, even if it for the same skill
✓ ~~~ true
the single opportunity method of assessing a person's skills on a task analysis
means that they only get one chance to demonstrate the skill before instruction
begins; whereas with the multiple opportuntity method of assessment, a person's
skills are assessed multiple times before instruction begins
✓ ~~~ false
when using the multiple opportunity method of assessment during assessment of a
task analysis, there is greater risk for co-mingling of assessement and instruction
than there is for the single opportunity method of assessment
✓ ~~~ true
the research literature has repeatedly shown that the total-task chaining procedure is
the most effective method of chaining
✓ ~~~ false
in backward chaining, the individual learns to complete the steps of a task in reverse
order
✓ ~~~ false
A procedure in which reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is
discontinued and as a result, occurrences of that behavior decrease in the future is:
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