BSNC 1000 FINAL STUDY QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
BSNC 1000
Institution
BSNC 1000
BSNC 1000 FINAL STUDY QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
How does perfusion affect dementia? - Answer-Due to blood flow, vessel compliance and increased risk of rupture and blockage of blood to the brain
How does mobility affect dementia? - Answer-Decreased perfusion to specific parts of the brain ...
BSNC 1000 FINAL STUDY QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
How does perfusion affect dementia? - Answer-Due to blood flow, vessel compliance
and increased risk of rupture and blockage of blood to the brain
How does mobility affect dementia? - Answer-Decreased perfusion to specific parts of
the brain controlling motor function leads to decreased mobility and increased risk of
falls (more immobility). Immobility as consequences such as high blood pressure
How does gas exchange affect cognition? - Answer-Not enough oxygen in the blood
means there is not enough going to the blood, which is the same effect as perfusion.
Inability to remove wastes from the brain as well (CO2)
Prevention of Vascular Dementia - Answer-1. Mild cognitive impairment can't always be
prevented. But research has found some environmental factors that may affect the risk
of developing the condition
2. Avoid excessive alcohol use
3. Limit exposure to air pollution
4. Reduce your risk of head injury
5. Don't smoke
Management of V Dementia - Answer-Pharmacological interventions to slow down the
progression of mental decline
Vascular Dementia - diagnosis - Answer-* focal neurological signs (weakness on one
side)
* neuroimaging (CT/MRI)
* Cardiovascular risk factors
* stepwise decline in cognitive function
* focal cognitive deficits
Cognition - Neurocognitive disorders - Answer-Acquired and progressive deterioration
of all cognitive functions → impairment in memory, judgment, calculation ability,
attention span, and abstract thinking
Impairments develop over periods of months or years
Primary dementia: irreversible and not secondary to disease
Secondary dementia: result of another disease process
Subtypes of dementia:
- Alzeihmer disease (AD)
Cognition - normal age related changes of an older adult - Answer-1. Lower processing
speed
2. Slight decline in concentration
,3. Recall speed is slower
4. Reduced ability to learn
5. Reduced neural response
6. Decline in ability to perform ADLs
Alarm Stage - Answer-The immediate neuroendocrine response to the stress
What is the Alarm Stage? - Answer-- fight or flight
- release of catecholamines (hormones by adrenal gland related to stress) and cortisol
- meant to be short lived
Resistance Stage - Answer-Heightened ability to response to the demands of a stressor
that persists to modify the impact of the stressor
- depends on ones adaptive capacity or stress balance
Adaptive Capacity - Answer-Ability to effectively adapt or tolerate a stressor
- acute stress
- episodic acute stress
- chronic stress
How is a stressor appraised? - Answer-1. Primary: Yes or no
2. Secondary: ability to overcome, reduce or eliminate stress
- Usage of coping strategies
Exhaustion Stage - Answer-If a stressor is severe or prolonged , it will exceed the
body's resources and capacity to adapt
- will see signs of "wear and tear"
Examples of wear and tear - Answer-- Ulcers
- Depression
- Suppression of immune system
- Fatigue
- etc.
Benefits of feeling Stress - Answer-1. Preservation of life
2. adaptive responses and healthy coping behaviours
3. resilience
Consequences of feeling Stress - Answer-1. Disruption of homeostasis
2. maladaptive response and unhealthy coping behaviours
3. Chronic diseases
Acute Stress - Answer-- most common type
- occurs in reaction to a real percieved demand, threat or pressure
- resolution of stressor leads to elimination of stress response
, Episodic Stress - Answer-"Self-Inflicted" stress in regular chaos and is common among
type A personalities
- occurs by taking unrealistic assignments beyond what is typically reasonable or
expected
- may always be in a hurry or irritability
- constant worry
Chronic Stress - Answer-Represents as perpetual or sustained demand, threat or
pressure that is harmful to health because it wears on the individuals continuously
- steps from long-term stress such as occupational stress, relationship and financial
stress
- associated with loss of hope that the situation can improve
Examples of Maladaptive Behaviour as it pertains to an Older Adult - Answer-
Behavioural disengagement, denial, self distraction, self blame/harm, substance use,
restrictive/excessive diet, risk taking, violence, social isolation
Examples of Adaptive Behaviours as it pertains to the Older Adult - Answer-
Acceptance/hopefulness, positive reframing, retaliation or meditation, exercise,
emotional support/social engagement/seek help, humour, physical activity
Risk factors for stress - Answer-- Strained relationships
- Financial strain
- Food insecurity
- Occupational stress
- Dealing with a health condition/declining health
- Loss of independence/impaired mobility
- Loss of purpose
- Feeling like a burden
- Emotional stress of nearing end of life (OA's)
Mobility - Definition - Answer-- state or quality of being mobile or movable
- necessary for performing ADL's
Mobility - Physiological Requirements - Answer-* Neurological function
* Muscle strength
* Skeletal stability
* Joint function
* Energy
Mobility - Neurological Function - Answer-signal between motor cortex in cerebellum of
the brain and rest of the body through nerve impulses
Mobility - Muscle Strength - Answer-muscles and bones work together to support and
move together, attach to the bones and pull them to allow for movements by contraction
and relaxation
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