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Prosthetic Written Simulation Questions with Accurate Answers
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Prosthetic Written Simulation
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Prosthetic Written SimulationK1 Prosthetic Feet – answer SACH foot
K2 Prosthetic Feet - answer-SAFE Foot / Flexible Keel
-Single Axis Foot
-Multi Axial Foot
K3 Prosthetic Feet - answer-Dynamic Response / Energy Storing
-Flex foot system
-Hydraulic Ankles
-Microprocessor feet
SACH Foot - answer-solid ankle cushion heel
-simplest design
-cushion on heel compresses at heel strike, rigid keel allows for stability at midstance,
and flexible forefoot provides roll over
SAFE Foot / Flexible Keel - answer-Stationary attachment flexible endoskeleton
-flexible internal keel permits triplanar movement and easy roll over
-flexible keel feet have a smooth and easier roll over compared to SACH and single axis
-limited push off
Single Axis Foot - answer-PF/DF only
-Bumpers can change foot response (add bumpers anterior to resist DF, add bumpers
posterior to resist PF)
-Bumpers can also be made soft/stiff
-Will enhance knee stability in early stance
-Increased weight & maintenance
-Abrupt DF stop will increase knee hyperextension
Multi Axial Foot - answer-PF/DF, Inversion/Eversion, IR/ER
-Accommodated uneven terrain
-reduces stress on skin and prosthesis, enhances dynamic balance during gait
-increased weight
Dynamic Response / Energy Storing Foot - answer-absorbs energy during midstance /
terminal stance, releases energy at toeoff
Flex Foot System - answer-return energy absorbed in early stance as additional push-
off during late stance
,-increased push off, may reduce energetic cost of walking, may reduce sound limb
loading
Hydraulic Ankles / Microprocessor Feet - answer-increased toe clearance
-walking speed increase
-improved gait patterns
-reduce socket pressures
-no need for compensation
-increased weight
Single Axis Prosthetic Knee - answer-simulates simple hinge
-allows shin to swing freely in flexion and extension
-stance phase stability through positioning of knee behind the weight line and volitional
muscle control
-light weight, durable, low maintenance
-no inherent mechanical stability
-not appropriate for those with short limbs
-good for those with long residuums who can voluntarily stabilize knee through active
hip extension against the posterior wall of the prosthesis
Polycentric Prosthetic Knee - answer-has moving center of rotation
-flexes during swing
-creates relative "shortening" of distal prosthesis (increases toe clearance, allows shin
to tuck under thigh when sitting)
-inherent stance phase stability
-poor durability
Weight Activated Stance Control Knee Units - answer-has braking mechanism that is
activated when weight is applied during stance (intent is to prevent or reduce unwanted
knee flexion during stance)
-if IC made when knee is not completely extended, the Braking mechanism provides
additional stability
-during swing functions as single axis knee
-good for recent amputees, short residuums, those with weak hip extensors
Manual Locking knee - answer-for patients who must rely on mechanical stability in
stance
-basically a single axis knee with the addition of a locking pin
-used by those who walk with the knee locked in extension
-can manually unlock
-often used in training when balance, endurance, or cooperation may be a problem
Hydraulic Prosthetic Knees - answer-cadence response
-hydraulic fluid provides frictional resistance
-helpful for both young, active individuals and old adults with mobility impairments
, -has increased weight, higher maintenance needs, higher cost, may initially be slow to
respond in cold temperatures
Pneumatic Prosthetic Knees - answer-allows varied cadence using air pressure
dynamics
-usually less weight and are less expensive then hydraulic
-provides less precise cadence control and require just as much Maintenace as
hydraulic
Microprocessor Prosthetic Knees - answer-sensors monitor knee position during swing
and pressure sensors evaluate ground reaction forces in stance
-customized adjsutments
-most have stumble recovery
-easier to walk downstairs, slopes, and uneven terrain
-reported reduction in energy expenditure and mental concentration
-increased cost, powered by battery
Extension Assist (on prosthetic knees) - answer-for those who require assistance
initiating knee extension in early swing
-usually an internal spring or elastic strap that recoils from elongated position
-useful to control excessive heel rise in early swing
Torque Absorbers / Axial Rotation Device - answer-simulates axial rotation during
stance
-reduces shear at limb/prosthesis interface
-especially useful for those with fragile skin, sensitive skin or adherent scars
-also for those who are extremely active (sports), have high activity jobs, or are on
uneven terrain often
-adds weight and susceptible to mechanical failure
K1 Ambulator Knees (generalized qualities) - answer-locks in full extension
-single axis or polycentric
-extension assist
K2 Ambulator Knees (generalized qualities) - answer-single axis or polycentric
-friction dampening
-weight activated brake
-extension assist
K3 Ambulator Knees (generalized qualities) - answer-hydraulic or pneumatic controlled
knees
-microprocessors
Concept of TSB vs. PTB - answer-TSB: uniformly distribute pressure over the entire
residuum (hydrostatic seal)
-PTB: pressure tolerant areas and pressure intolerant areas
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