Free hormones act on their target tissues immediately after being delivered from the
blood. True or False
✓ ~~~True
Exocrine secretes glands through ducts true or false
✓ ~~~true
Where does endocrine release?
✓ ~~~Blood stream
What links the nervous system to the endocrine system?
✓ ~~~hypothalamus
What are hormones?
, ✓ ~~~Chemical messengers that control the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of
specific target cells
What is autocrine?
✓ ~~~Local regulator acts on the cell that released it (a note to remind yourself) common in
cancer cells
Paracrine?
✓ ~~~Referring to a secreted molecule that acts on a neighboring cell.
Steroid hormones are synthesized by
✓ ~~~cholesterol
True or false: Hormones only have an affect on target cell.
✓ ~~~true
What are water soluble hormones?
✓ ~~~bind to receptors outside of plasma membrane. Work through second messengers.
CANNOT ENTER DIRECTLY. MUST GO THROUGH RECEPTOR
What are lipid soluble hormones?
✓ ~~~have receptors inside of cell which bind inside of cell.
G proteins turn ATP into
✓ ~~~cAMP
What happens when something binds to a protein?
, ✓ ~~~shape is changed therefore the job of protein is changed.
Calcium acts as which messenger?
✓ ~~~Second messenger
Do steroid and thyroid hormones need secondary messengers?
✓ ~~~No, they diffuse directly into target cells
mRNA makes ______
✓ ~~~protein
Are specific receptors necessary? If so, why?
✓ ~~~Yes bc When you have a receptor that receptor is only gonna be able to "see" a
certain type of hormone. If there is no receptor, that cell is not going to be affected.
What does thyroid hormone make us produce more of?
✓ ~~~ATP
What is down regulate?
✓ ~~~a cell starts to get overwhelmed and decrease the number of receptors to lower
number of signals.
What is up regulate?
✓ ~~~when cells up the number of signals.
Endocrine glands will be stimulated by_________
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