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TNCC Notes for Written Exam TNCC Notes for Written Exam 9TH REAL EXAM ACTUAL VERIFIED EXAM TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing$19.99
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TNCC Notes for Written Exam 9TH REAL
EXAM ACTUAL VERIFIED EXAM TEST
BANK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing
What is kinematics? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A branch of mechanics (energy transfer) that refers to motion
and does not consider the concepts of force and mass of the object or body.
Explain Hypovolemic Shock. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Most common to affect a trauma pt cause by
hypovolemia.. Hypovolemia, a decrease in amount of circulating blood volume, may result from
significant loss of whole blood because of hemorrhage or from loss of semipermeable integrity of
cellular membrane leading to leakage of plasma and protein from intravascular space to the interstitial
space (as in a burn).
Some causes:
- Blood loss
- Burns, etc.
,TNCC Notes for Written Exam
Explain Cardiogenic Shock. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Syndrome that results from ineffective perfusion caused
by ineffective perfusion caused by inadequate contractility of cardiac muscle.
Some causes:
- MI
- Blunt cardiac injury
- Mitral valve insufficiency
- dysrhythmias
- Cardiac Failure
Explain Obstructive Shock. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Results from inadequate circulating blood volume because
of an obstruction or compression of great veins, aorta, pulmonary arteries, or heart itself.
Some causes:
- Cardiac tamponade (may compress the heart during diastole to such and extent that atria cannot
adequately fill, leading to decreased stroke volume).
- Tension pneumothorax may lead to inadequate stroke volume by displacing inferior vena cava and
obstructing venous return to right atrium.
- Air embolus may lead to obstruction of pulmonary artery and subsequent obstruction to right
ventricular outflow during systole, with resulting obstructive shock
Explain Distributive Shock. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Results from disruption in SNS control of the tone of blood
vessels, which leads to vasodilation and maldistribution of blood volume and flow. (Neurogenic and
Septic Shock). Neurogenic shock may result from injury to spinal cord in cervical or upper thoracic
region.
Spinal shock = areflexia and flaccidity associated with lower motor neuron involvement in complete cord
injuries; reflexes return with resolution of spinal shock.
Septic shock from bacteremia is distributive shock. Endotoxins and other inflammatory mediators cause
vasodilation, shunting of blood in microcirculation, and other perfusion abnormalities.
,TNCC Notes for Written Exam
What is vascular response? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-As blood volume decreases, peripheral blood vessels
vasoconstrict as a result of sympathetic stimulation via inhibition of baroreceptors. Arterioles constrict
to increase TPR and BP.
What is Newton's First Law? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A body at rest will remain at rest. A body in motion will
remain in motion until acted on by an outside force.
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed. It is only changed from one form to another.
What is Newton's Second Law? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Force equals mass multiplied by acceleration of
deceleration.
What is kinetic energy (KE)? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-KE equals 1/2 the mass (M) multiplied by the velocity
squared.
What is the Mnemonic for the Initial Assessment? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A = Airway with simultaneous
cervical spine protection
B = Breathing
C = Circulation
D = Disability (neurologic status)
E = Expose/Environmental controls (remove clothing and keep the patient warm)
What is the Mnemonic for the Secondary Assessment? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-F = Full set of VS/Focused
adjuncts (includes cardiac monitor, urinary catheter, and gastric tube)/Family presence
G = Give comfort measures (verbal reassurance, touch, and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic
management of pain).
H = Hx and Head-to-toe assessment
I = Inspect posterior surfaces
, TNCC Notes for Written Exam
Where do you listen to auscultate breath sounds? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Auscultate the lungs bilaterally at
the second intercostal space midclavicular line and at the fifth intercostal space at the anterior axillary
line.
What are the late signs of breathing compromise? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-- Tracheal deviation
- JVD
What are signs of ineffective breathing? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-- AMS
- Cyanosis, especially around the mouth
- Asymmetric expansion of chest wall
- Paradoxical movement of the chest wall during inspiration and expiration
- Use of accessory muscles or abdominal muscles or both or diaphragmatic breathing
- Sucking chest wounds
- Absent or diminished breath sounds
- Administer O2 via NRB or assist ventilations with a bag-mask device, as indicated
- Anticipate definitive airway management to support ventilation.
Upon initial assessment, what type of oxygen should be used for a pt breathing effectively? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A tight-fitting nonrebreather mask at 12-15 lpm.
What intervention should be done if a pt presents with effective circulation? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-- Insert 2
large caliber IV's
- Administer warmed isotonic crystalloid solution at an appropriate rate
What are signs of ineffective circulation? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-- Tachycardia
- AMS
- Uncontrolled external bleeding
- Pale, cool, moist skin
- Distended or abnormally flattened external jugular veins
- Distant heart sounds
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