muscle grading✔️✔️✔️ANSWER→5-normal- complete ROM with full
resistance
4- good-ncomplete ROM with some resistance
3- fair- complete ROM against gravity
2- poor- complete ROM with gravity eliminated
1- trace- muscle contraction but little motion
0- zero- no evidence of muscle function
, Page 2 of 42
Normal Synovial Fluid✔️✔️✔️ANSWER→Clear, straw colored
normal viscosity
30-150 WBC
<20 PMN (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)
1-4 protein
Grade I: Noninflammatory Synovial fluid✔️✔️✔️ANSWER→clear or slightly
bloody and turbid
decreased viscosity
<2,500 WBC
20-50 PMN
1-5 protein
Ex: OA, SLE, derangement
OA- >50 bilateral back pain insidious, worse when standing, better when sitting or
bending, NEgative st leg test, post xr
Spinal Stenosis- >60, bilateral leg pain insidious, worse when standing, better with
sitting or bending, Pos st leg test, post xr
McMurray Test✔️✔️✔️ANSWER→Meniscal Tear
Flex knee to max pain-free position
Hold position while externally rotating foot
Gradually extend knee
this stresses the meniscus and will elicit click and/pain with posterior meniscus
tear. Rotate internally to assess lateral meniscus
, Page 3 of 42
Apprehension Test✔️✔️✔️ANSWER→Patellar instability
Sit with quad relaxed.
Extend the knee and displace the patella laterally and flex knee to 30degrees.
With instability the maneuver displaces the patella to an abnormal position.
Pt will perceive pain and apprehension
Bulge Sign✔️✔️✔️ANSWER→Assess for effusion (knee)
apply lateral pressure to area adjacent to patella. Medial bulge will appear with
fluid in joint
Valgus stress test✔️✔️✔️ANSWER→assess MCL stability
support thigh to relax the quad.
with thigh supported and knee extended grasp medial distal tibia and other hand on
lateral knee. apply pressure and if knee opens up more than the unaffected
complete or partial MCL tear suspected
first degree ankle sprain✔️✔️✔️ANSWER→stretching or minor tearing of
ligament
minimal pain
mild swelling
, Page 4 of 42
mild bruising
full nonpainful ROM
Mild point tenderness
stable joint
able to bear weight
RICE, AROM, Return to sports in 2-3 wk with support
Can re-occur within 1 month if not healed
2nd Degree ankle sprain✔️✔️✔️ANSWER→partial tear
mild to moderate pain
mod swelling
mod bruising
slightly limited ROM, painful
point tenderness
mild joint laxity
painful weight bear
RICE, AROM, Non weight bearing as tolerated, gradual return to sports with
aircast
3rd degree ankle sprain✔️✔️✔️ANSWER→complete tear
severe pain
significant swelling within 30min
severe bruising
limited ROM loss of function
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller peakview69. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
