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USMLE FIRST-AID High Yield Exam review already verified

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Abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly - Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis) -Absence of JVD Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use - Clostridium difficile infection Achilles tendon xanthoma - Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signa...

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USMLE FIRST-AID High Yield Exam review already verified

Abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly - ✔✔Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous
thrombosis)

-Absence of JVD

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use - ✔✔Clostridium difficile infection

Achilles tendon xanthoma - ✔✔Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC - ✔✔Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (menengococcemia)

Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion - ✔✔IgA deficiency

Anterior "drawer sign" ⊕ - ✔✔Anterior cruciate ligament injury

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints - ✔✔Marfan syndrome (fibrillin
defect)

Athlete with polycythemia - ✔✔2° to erythropoietin injection

Back pain, fever, night sweats - ✔✔Pott disease (vertebral TB)

Bilateral acoustic schwannomas - ✔✔Neurofibromatosis type 2

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - ✔✔Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

,Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis - ✔✔Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection

Blue sclera, brittle bones - ✔✔Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)

Bluish line on gingiva - ✔✔Burton line (lead poisoning)

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis - ✔✔Paget disease of bone (osteoblastic and osteoclastic
activity)

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing - ✔✔Aortic regurgitation

"Butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female - ✔✔Systemic lupus erythematosus

-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas,
optic gliomas - ✔✔Neurofibromatosis type I, pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas

-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine
abnormalities - ✔✔McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

Calf pseudohypertrophy - ✔✔Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne, due to X-linked
recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)

Child with cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and
tongue - ✔✔Kawasaki disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)

,"Cherry-red spots" on macula - ✔✔Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick
(sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

Chest pain on exertion - ✔✔Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion or
at rest)

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI - ✔✔Dressler syndrome
(autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after acute episode

Chest pain with ST depressions on EKG - ✔✔Unstable angina (troponins −) or NSTEMI (troponins +)

Child uses arms to stand up from squat - ✔✔Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)

Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body - ✔✔"Slapped cheeks" (erythema
infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration - ✔✔Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat
expansion)

Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications - ✔✔Congenital toxoplasmosis

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria - ✔✔McArdle disease
(skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

Cold intolerance - ✔✔Hypothyroidism

Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia - ✔✔Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to
MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)

, Continuous "machine-like" heart murmur - ✔✔PDA (close with indomethacin; open or maintain with
PGE analogs)

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition - ✔✔Myxedema (caused by
hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial])

Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm - ✔✔Carcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular
lesions, 5-HIAA)

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS - ✔✔Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation - ✔✔Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea - ✔✔Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition - ✔✔Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1]
deficiency)

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection - ✔✔Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis - ✔✔ gren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)

Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia - ✔✔Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may
progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)

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