Hesi A2 - Anatomy and Physiology Questions
and Correct Answers
Tricuspid valve
✓ ~~~ the valve responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the right
ventricle to the right atrium
Phrenic nerve
✓ ~~~ one of a pair of nerves that arises from cervical spinal roots and passes down
the thorax to innervate the diaphragm and control breathing
Superior vena cava
✓ ~~~ returns blood to the heart, draining the head, neck and upper torso
Which two bones make up the lower leg structure?
✓ ~~~ Fibula & tibia
Limbic System
✓ ~~~ controls basic emotions and drives
Latissimus dorsi
✓ ~~~ Muscle responsible for the adduction of the shoulder.
scapula
, ✓ ~~~ Shoulder blade also categorized as a flat bone (A flat bone is defined as a bone
that provides muscular attachment and also serves to protect the body's vital organs
or sensitive areas.)
Section of the human spine that contains 5 vertebrae
✓ ~~~ Lumbar, the lower region of the back, numbered L1-L5
The following would be a direct result of lipid depletion in the human body
✓ ~~~ the decrease in the amount of estrogen produced
Fats are broken down in the small intestine using which enzyme(s)?
✓ ~~~ Fats also known as lipids are broken down using lipase produced by the
pancreas and bile produced by the liver but transferred to the small intestine through
the bile duct.
The opening in the skull that is superior to the atlas is known as the?
✓ ~~~ Foramen Magnum
The engulfing of large particles into the cell is referred to as?
✓ ~~~ Phagocytosis
Amylase
✓ ~~~ This enzyme begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
Saltatory conduction
, ✓ ~~~ Electrical impulses called "action potentials" move along the axon of a neuron
Which sequence outlines the correct flow of blood through the heart?
✓ ~~~ Blood enters the heart on the right side, collecting in the right atrium. After
moving through the right ventricle, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary
artery to travel to the lungs to release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen. The blood
returns to the left side of the heart, through the pulmonary vein, going to the left
atrium, then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. Lastly, the blood leaves the
heart through the aorta.
The autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis is characterized by the degradation of
what?
✓ ~~~ Myelin Sheath, Multiple sclerosis targets the myelin sheath along the axon. The
myelin sheath is degraded leading to slower neuron impulses as the action potential
is unable to jump between the Nodes of Ranvier.
In order for the actin filaments to bind to the myosin head, what must occur first?
✓ ~~~ Calcium ions must bind to troponin molecules.
What area(s) of the brain are the most affected if a person is unable to understand
written or verbal speech?
✓ ~~~ Weirnecke's area, the site for language comprehension
What area of the eye has the most acute vision and is comprised only of cones?
✓ ~~~ Fovea centralis
primary function of melatonin?
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