BSNC 2000 Final Exam Questions and Answers
When intake exceeds energy demands - Answer-- Excess nutrients are stored as fat causing weight gain
- Health risks related to obesity
- Possible nutritional toxicities
When intake does not meet energy demands - Answer-- Fat stores and other body t...
BSNC 2000 Final Exam Questions
and Answers
When intake exceeds energy demands - Answer-- Excess nutrients are stored as fat
causing weight gain
- Health risks related to obesity
- Possible nutritional toxicities
When intake does not meet energy demands - Answer-- Fat stores and other body
tissues are broken down causing weight loss
- Possible nutritional deficiencies
Obesity definition - Answer-- A complex, progressive and relapsing chronic disease
characterized by excessive body fat that impairs health
Body weight - Answer-- Body weight is relatively stable despite acute fluctuations in
caloric intake
- Tight matching between energy intake and expenditure
Regulation of appetite - Answer-- Hypothalamus has hunger and satiety centres
- Receive input from sensory afferents, hormones, microbiome
- Respond by altering appetite (food intake) and energy expenditure
Satiety - Answer-- Leptin excreted (increase in adipose tissue mass)
- GI hormones (CCK)
- Fatty meal
- Insulin (pancreas)
Causes of obesity - Answer-- Excess body fat accumulates when there is a chronic
mismatch between energy intake and energy expenditure
Contributing factors of obesity - Answer-- Genetics
- Diet
- Physical activity
- Socioeconomic factors
- Psychological factors
- Medications and drugs
- Medical conditions
,- Sociocultural factors
Pathophysiological effects of obesity - Answer-- Excess fat is stored in adipose tissue,
muscle and liver
- Hypertropy and hyperplasia of apidocytes occur to store excess
- Visceral adipose tissue releases adipokines, hormones and fatty acids that have
negative effects
Effects of obesity on body - Answer-- Increased BP
- Dyslipidemia
- Insulin resistance
- Mechanical stress
Questions to ask to assess nutritional status of patient - Answer-- What does your
typical daily intake look like?
- How many meals do you at per day?
- What do your meals and snacks consist of?
- Has your daily intake changed recently?
What fluid do you drink every day? (Coffee, water, tea, pop, juice, milk)
- Weight decrease or increase recently
BMI - Answer-- Ratio based on body weight and height
- High correlated with body fat
- Increased lean body mass, large muscles, edema, or large body frame can increase
BMI
Considering weight gain due to slow metabolsim - Answer-- Age
- Hormones
- Genetics
- Low muscle mass
- Weight loss
- Medication
ROOT CAUSE OF LOW METABOLISM
Considering weight gain due to increase food intake - Answer-- Socio-cultural factors
- Physical hunger
- Emotional eating
- Mental health issues
- Medication
ROOT CAUES OF OVEREATING
Considering weight gain due to reduced activity - Answer-- Socio-cultural factors
- Socio-economical limitations
- Physical limitations/pain
- Emotional factors
- Medications
, ROOT CAUSE OF REDUCED ACTIVITY
Central obesity- Android obesity - Answer-- Excess body fat in the trunk and abdominal
area
- "Apple" shape
- Determined by measuring waist circumference
- Indicates increased risk of heart disease, HTN, T2DM, stroke
How to identify optimal nutrition status? - Answer-- History
- Dietary data
- Health BMI or waist circumference
- Physical signs of nutritional status (orientated, skin is smooth and elastic)
- Lab tests (RBC, blood glucose, lytes)
Metabolic Regulation - Answer-The control of the chemical reactions that occur within
cells that are necessary to maintain life
Metabolic reactions are involved in - Answer-1. Energy production or storage
2. Digestion
3. Growth
4. Reproduction
Anabolic - Answer-Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, consuming
energy
Catabolic - Answer-Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing
energy
Glucose regulation - Answer-Process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels
What regulates metabolic reactions - Answer-Enzymes, controlled by hormones
Low blood glucose - Answer-Hypoglycemia
High blood glucose - Answer-Hyperglycemia
Normal blood glucose - Answer-euglycemia
Hormone excess - Answer-Hyper
Hormone deficiency - Answer-Hypo
Example of anabolic reaction - Answer-glucose to glycogen
Example catabolic - Answer-glycogen to glucose
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