USABO Exam Questions and Answers
(Graded A)
Hydroxyl Group - ANSWER - -OH, polar
Carbonyl Group - ANSWER - C=O, polar
Carboxyl Group - ANSWER - -COOH, polar
Amino Group - ANSWER - -NH2, polar
Phosphate Group - ANSWER - -OPO3^2-, polar
Methyl Group - ANSWER - -CH3, non-polar
Carbohydrates - ANSWER - Broken down to glucose to provide energy. Hydrocarbon skeletons.
Starch - ANSWER - A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
Glycogen - ANSWER - An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the
liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
Cellulose - ANSWER - A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many
organisms.
Chitin - ANSWER - A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in
many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.
Lipids - ANSWER - Energy-rich organic compounds that are hydrophobic, such as fats, oils, and
waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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