HLTH 503 Epidemiology Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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Course
HLTH 503
Institution
HLTH 503
HLTH 503 Epidemiology Study Guide with Complete SolutionsHLTH 503 Epidemiology Study Guide with Complete Solutionswith Complete Solutions
An example of passive follow-up in cohort studies is:
A. Telephone calls to study participants
B. Use of follow-up mailings
C. Use of written invitations t...
HLTH 503 Epidemiology Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
An example of passive follow-up in cohort studies is:
A. Telephone calls to study participants
B. Use of follow-up mailings
C. Use of written invitations to return to the study site
D. Collection and maintenance of data by the federal government - ANSWER - D. Collection
and maintenance of data by the federal government
A major advantage of cohort studies over case-control studies with respect to the role of a
suspected factor in the etiology of a disease is that:
A. It is easier to obtain controls that are not exposed to the suspected factor
B. They can be done on a double-blinded basis
C. They can utilize a more representative population
D. They take less time and are less costly
E> They permit direct estimation of risk of disease in those exposed to the suspected factor -
ANSWER - E. The permit direct estimation of risk of disease in those exposed to the suspected
factor
True or False? Repeated cross-sectional surveys may underestimate past smoking behavior of
older age cohorts - ANSWER - True
True or False? Survival curves may be used to portray patients' survival in clinical studies -
ANSWER - True
True or False? Relative risk is the ratio of the risk of disease among the exposed to the risk
among the unexposed. - ANSWER - True
Nested case-control studies: (Mark all that apply)
A. Use subjects drawn from a cohort study
,B. Provide a degree of control over confounding
C. Reduce the cost of collecting exposure information - ANSWER - All of the above
As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing
malformation in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during
the course of their pregnancies. As a sample you will use the next 200 single bites occurring in a
given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from new mother and from her
doctor; in addition, you will review medial records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers
are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their
pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during
pregnancy.]
The resultant data are:
Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35
have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions.
The number of individuals who both did not take the drug and d - ANSWER - C. 150
As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing
malformation in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during
the course of their pregnancies. As a sample you will use the next 200 single bites occurring in a
given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from new mother and from her
doctor; in addition, you will review medial records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers
are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their
pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during
pregnancy.]
The resultant data are:
Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35
have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions.
The relative risk between exposure to the drug and malformatio - ANSWER - C. 14
A five- year prospective cohort study has just been completed. The study was designed to
assess the association between supplemental vitamin A exposure and mortality and morbidity
for measles. The RR for incidence of measles was 0.75 and the RR for measles mortality was
0.5.
Which statement is correct?
A. A cohort study is not a good design to study this association because measles is a very
common disease
B. One of the problems that this study may have faced is individuals lost to follow-up during the
five-year period
,C. A cohort study is not an appropriate study design in this case because the association
between one exposure and two different outcomes is being considered - ANSWER - B. One of
the problems that this study may have faced is individuals lost to follow-up during the five-year
period
True or False? Cohort studies preserve the temporality of cause (exposure) happening before
the effect (disease) - ANSWER - True
Practical considerations in the design of cohort studies do not usually include:
A. Follow-up issues
B. Size and cost of the cohort
C. Availability of exposure data
D. Scientific justification
E. Age of the investigator - ANSWER - E. Age of the investigator
An ambispective cohort study is also known as a:
A. Retrospective cohort study
B. Prospective cohort study
C. Nested case-control study
D. Historical prospective study - ANSWER - D. Historical prospective study
Failing to account for age cohort effects in smoking prevalence may:
A. Obscure the fact that older cohorts had higher prevalence of smoking in comparison to
younger cohorts
B. Obscure the fact that there had been a shift in the age of onset for long cancer toward earlier
ages
C. Obscure the differences in smoking prevalence for males and females, and by level of
education - ANSWER - B. Obscure the fact that there had been a shift in the age of onset for
long cancer toward earlier ages
Regarding the RR reported above, which statement is correct?
A. Exposure to vitamin A is a risk factor for morbidity and a protective factor for mortality for
measles
, B. Exposure to vitamin A appears to protect against morbidity and mortality for measles
C. Exposure to vitamin A is not associated with morbidity and mortality for measles
D. Exposure to vitamin A appears to be a risk factor for morbidity and mortality for measles -
ANSWER - B
As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing
malformation in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during
the course of their pregnancies. As a sample you will use the next 200 single bites occurring in a
given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from new mother and from her
doctor; in addition, you will review medial records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers
are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their
pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during
pregnancy.]
The resultant data are:
Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35
have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions.
What type of study design is this?
A. Retrospective cohort stu - ANSWER - A. Retrospective cohort study
Subjects for an exposure-based cohort study would be selected most appropriately from:
A. Certain occupational groups such as battery workers
B. The residents of a large U.S. County
C. Male Harvard alumni from 1916 to 1950 - ANSWER - A
As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing
malformation in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during
the course of their pregnancies. As a sample you will use the next 200 single bites occurring in a
given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from new mother and from her
doctor; in addition, you will review medial records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers
are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their
pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during
pregnancy.]
The resultant data are:
Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35
have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions.
Suppose that a relative risk of 0.5 has been found. Which inte - ANSWER - A and D
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