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BMS3020 L10 - SNPs in Selenium Metabolism

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  • Course
  • BMS3020 Chronic Disease (BMS3020)
  • Institution
  • Newcastle University (NCL)

A difficult lecture to end the nutrient-gene interaction section of the BMS3020 module but hopefully these concise and well-explained notes will surely help! Selenium often appears on the exam so be prepared!

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Document information

  • October 25, 2019
  • 10
  • 2018/2019
  • Class notes
  • Dr meplan
  • Lecture 10

Subjects

  • biomedical sciences
  • biomedical
  • bms3020
  • chronic disease
  • selenium
  • snps
  • snps in selenium
  • newcastle university

Written for

  • Newcastle University (NCL)
  • Biomedical Sciences
  • BMS3020 Chronic Disease (BMS3020)
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BMS3020 L10 SNPs in Selenium Metabolism 5/11/18



BMS3020 CHRONIC DISEASE
LECTURE 10 – SNPs in the Selenium Metabolism
Learning Outcomes
Do Genetic Factors affect Selenium Metabolism?
MEPLAN - NUTRIENTS 2015, 7(5), 3621-3651/MEPLAN & HESKETH- CANCER TREAT RES 2014-;159:145-66
Selenium (Se): Micronutrient essential for human health, found in many foods e.g. Brazilian nuts,
and bread (flour)

Epidemiological evidence:

- Huge variations between populations intake in the world – depends on soil content of Se
- Sub-optimal Se intake in UK and most European countries – not deficient but not enough
- Low/sub-optimal Se intake associated with increased risk or cancers
- Supplementation trials: Confusing results (Two main studies carried out in the US)
1. NPC – Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial
 Individuals with low baseline Se (at starting point) received selenium supplement
 Dramatic decrease of development of prostate cancer (50%) and colorectal cancer occurrence
2. SELECT – Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial
 Much larger study with 35,000 men
 Few mistakes in this study; people recruited had very high baseline Se prior to supplementation,
therefore supplementation
with selenium and vitamin E
showed no effect on
prostate cancer but
increased amount of people
developing type 2 diabetes,
so study had to be stopped
- Ageing: Epidemiological data has shown, something which is commonly observed for
micronutrients, that people who are older have a reduced Se intake and plasma level



Effect on type 2 diabetes shows that
selenium is important in T2D metabolic
regulation

Selenium was originally identified
because of its toxicity in excess




Biological Evidence
- Selenoproteins: Mediates Se biological actions = Se biological actors
- 25 selenoproteins in humans:
o Contain Se in the form of Selenocysteine (Sec) in their structure and function depends on
this being present
o All proteins share Sec availability and the Selenoprotein synthesis machinery

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