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Pharm Exam 2- Drugs Latest Update
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Pharm Exam 2- Drugs Latest UpdateLevodopa/Carbidopa: Mechanism of Action: - Answer Increases dopamine synthesis in
the striatum
Levodopa/Carbidopa: Adverse Effects: - Answer N/V, Dyskinesias, postural
hypotension, Beta 1 activation, psychosis, anxiety, agitation, memory/ cognitive change,
reduced impulse control, dark sweat or urine, activation of malignant melanoma
Levodopa/Carbidopa: Pharmacokinetics: - Answer Rapid intestinal absorption,
metabolized by COMT and decarboxylase
Levodopa and Carbidopa: Interactions: - Answer Antipsychotics, MAO-inhibitors,
anticholinergics, pyroxidine (B6), High protein foods
Pramipexol (Mirapex): Mechanism of Action: - Answer binds selectively to dopamine 2
and dopamine 3 receptor subtypes
Pramipexol (Mirapex):Therapeutic Use: - Answer Parkinson's Disease, less effective
than levodopa but less likely to cause motor fluctuations (Also approved for RLS)
Pramipexol (Mirapex): Adverse Effects/ Interactions: - Answer Nausea, dizziness,
daytime somnolence, insomnia, constipation, weakness, hallucinations, sleep attacks,
impulse control disorders, cimetidine
Entacapone: Mechanism of Action: - Answer Used along with Levodopa to prolong ½ life
of Levodopa (allows more to get to the brain)
Entacapone: Adverse Effects: - Answer dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, nausea,
hallucinations, sleep disturbance, decreased impulse control
Selegiline: Mechanism of Action: - Answer Selectively and irreversibly inhibits MAOB
Selegiline: Therapeutic Use: - Answer Prolonging levodopa effects allowing for
decreased fluctuations in motor control, or to prevent PD in patient exposed to MPTP
Selegiline: Adverse Effect: - Answer Insomnia, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness and GI
symptoms, (hypertensive crisis at high doses)
¡Interactions: Levodopa, Meperidine, SSRI
Donepezil (Aricept): Mechanism of Action: - Answer Prevents breakdown of
acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase
Donepezil (Aricept): Therapeutic Use: - Answer Approved to treat mild to moderate
symptoms (severe with donepezil), of Alzheimer's Disease
Donepezil (Aricept): Adverse Effects: - Answer N/V, dyspepsia, diarrhea, dizziness and
headache, bronchospasm, bradycardia, HIGHER FALL RISK
, Memantine: Mechanism of Action: - Answer Modulates the effects of glutamate
(excitatory transmitter of the central nervous system). This helps to stabilize the action
potential (calcium movement).
Memantine: Therapeutic Use: - Answer Slows decline in function
Memantine: Side Effects: - Answer Dizziness, headache, confusion, constipation,
Interactions: other NMDA antagonist, sodium bicarb and other alkalizing agents
Phenytoin (Dilantin): Mechanism of Action: - Answer Selectively inhibits sodium
channels slowly from inactive to active sate suppressing action potential (leaves health
neurons alone)
Phenytoin (Dilantin): Therapeutic Use: - Answer Epilepsy (drug of choice for
tonic-clonic, active against all except absence seizures); dysrhythmia
Phenytoin (Dilantin): Adverse Effects: - Answer toxicity, nystagmus, sedation, ataxia,
diplopia, cognitive impairment, gingival hyperplasia, skin rash, birth defects,
dysrhythmia and hypotension
Phenytoin (Dilantin): - Answer Decrease effects of oral contraceptives, warfarin,
glucocorticoids
Increases blood levels of diazepam, cimetidine, alcohol, and valproic acid
Fosphenytoin: Mechanism of Action: - Answer Prodrug that is converted to Phenytoin
when administered
Fosphenytoin: Therapeutic Use: - Answer Same as Phenytoin
Fosphenytoin: Adverse Effects: - Answer same as phenytoin with the addition of
temporary paresthesia and itching, especially in the groin
Safety alert: If fosphenytoin administration exceeds - Answer 150mg of phenytoin
equivalents per minuet, sever hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias may occur. Cardiac
monitoring is needed when administering this drug.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol): Mechanism of Action: - Answer suppresses high-frequency
neuronal discharge in and around he seizure foci through delayed recovery of sodium
channels from their inactive state
Carbamazepine (Tegretol): Uses: - Answer Epilepsy (drug of choice for partial seizures),
Bipolar, Trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgias
Carbamazepine (Tegretol): Adverse Effects: - Answer Cognitive
Visual
Bone Marrow Suppression
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