NUR 215 Exam #4 Stress & Coping, Urinary Elimination, Bowel Elimination, Fluid & Electrolyte/ 132 Q&A. Terms like:
Stress - Answer: Changes in an individual's state of balance in response to stressors Internal and external forces that disrupt that state of balance; can be perceived as "good" or...
NUR 215 Exam #4 Stress & Coping, Urinary
Elimination, Bowel Elimination, Fluid &
Electrolyte/ 132 Q&A
Stress - Answer: Changes in an individual's state of balance in response to
stressors Internal and external forces that disrupt that state of balance; can be
perceived as "good" or "bad
Distress - Answer: negative stress
Eustress - Answer: positive stress
Types of Stressors - Answer: situational
developmental
time
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,anticipatory
Stressors throughout lifespan - Answer: Childhood- Failure of parents to meet
child's needs.
Adolescence-Peer pressure or rapid changes in appearance.
Young Adult- College, parenting, planning career.
Middle Age- Caring for children, parents, "Mid-life" crisis, numerous
responsibilities.
Older Adults- Loss of family, loneliness, isolation, reduced independence Change
in financial status.
Coping strategies (adaptive/effective coping) - Answer: Making healthy choices
that reduce the negative effects of stress.
Examples: Exercise, sleep, support system, getting away, music, meditation
maladaptive coping strategies - Answer: Does not promote adaptation
Unhealthy
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,temporary fix; possible other harmful effects
Examples- Smoking, stress eating, excessive alcohol intake, drugs (narcotics)
Approaches to coping - Answer: Three general approaches for coping, depending
on the situation can alter the stressor- take action to remove or change the
stressor
Adapt to the stressor: changing one's thoughts or behaviors r/t the stressor
Avoid the stressor which can be healthful or maladaptive
The outcome of stress- adaptation or disease - Answer: Allows for Normal growth
and development Effective responses to life's daily changes and challenges.
Stressors over a long period decrease the ability to adapt Leading to Fatigue,
despair, and depleted resources for coping
Factors that influence adaptation - Answer: Personal perception of the stressor
Is understanding of stressor realistic or exaggerated?
How successful have previous adaptation attempts been?
Overall health status
The number of illnesses present
the chronicity of illnesses may affect the ability to adapt to new stressors
Support system
Hardiness (Resilience)
General adaptation syndrome (ALARM STAGE—FIGHT OR FLIGHT) - Answer:
Cardiovascular system: Vasoconstriction, elevated blood pressure
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, Vital organ perfusion
Respiratory system: Dilated bronchioles, Oxygen consumption increased
Metabolic system: Increased availability of glucose; metabolic rate increases
Liver converts glycogen to glucose
Urinary system: Sodium and water retention
Gastrointestinal system: Decreased peristalsis Musculoskeletal system: Increased
blood flow to muscles
General Adaptation Syndrome (resistance stage-coping with the stressor) -
Answer: Goal: Maintenance of homeostasis
Involves the use of coping mechanisms
Psychological
Body tries to cope - protects itself against the stressor and maintains homeostasis
Physical- return of vital signs to normal
Failure to adapt to or contain stress leads to the third phase
General adaptation syndrome (Exhaustion/Recovery) - Answer: EXHAUSTION If
adaptive mechanisms become ineffective/nonexistent Decrease in blood pressure,
elevated pulse, elevated respiration, vasodilation Usually ends in disease or death.
RECOVERY Third stage alternative, if adaptation is successful (the goal).
Local adaptation syndrome - Answer: Response to stress involving specific body
parts, tissue, or organ
Short-term attempt to restore homeostasis
Localized
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