What are some ethical dilemmas in research? - Answer 1. whether to disclose or not disclose, whether disclosure might decrease validity of the data
2. how equitably distributed the burdens and benefits
3. how to study sensitive topics without causing undue stress or emotional trauma
4. how to...
Nursing 257 Exam 3 Prep Questions
Fully Answered.
What are some ethical dilemmas in research? - Answer 1. whether to disclose or not disclose, whether
disclosure might decrease validity of the data
2. how equitably distributed the burdens and benefits
3. how to study sensitive topics without causing undue stress or emotional trauma
4. how to handle subjects' disclosures if they report something that leads the researcher to believe that
someone is in danger
Research misconduct - Answer 1. Fabrication (making up findings)
2. Falsification
3. Plagiarism
4. Coercion (putting undue pressure on potential subjects to participate)
5. Deception (not fulling disclosing the nature of the research when there was no scientific reason no to
disclose)
Nursing Knowledge Structure - Answer Knowledge structures are based on concepts and propositions;
metaparadigm (most abstract), conceptual models, theories, empirical indicators (most concrete)
Metaparadigm - Answer most abstract level of nursing knowledge; descriptions of the major concepts
of discipline (client, environment, health, nursing)
Conceptual Model - Answer less abstract than meta-paradigm, an assemble of concepts pertinent to a
common theme; some map out relationships among concepts
Theory - Answer More concrete descriptions of phenomena (consists of concepts and propositions);
testable with research
, Classical theory - Answer an abstract generalization that explains how phenomena are interrelated
Descriptive theory - Answer thoroughly describe a phenomenon
Levels of generality of theory - Answer Grand (most abstract)
Middle range (middle degree of abstraction)
Situation specific (most concrete)
empirical indicators - Answer most concrete level of knowledge; observable measures of concepts
and/or propositions
Nursing research - Answer systematic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy evidence about issues of
importance of nurses and their clients
Purpose of Research - Answer Generate knowledge (answer questions, test theories, solve theories)
Investigation of a phenomenon (identify a problem, explain, predict, control)
Evidence Based Practice - Answer emphasis is on identifying the best available research evidence and
integrating it with other factors in making clinical decisions
Standards 13
Purpose of EBP - Answer to insure that nursing care is based on the best available evidence
Process of EBP - Answer 1. Identify the clinical question or issue
2. search for evidence
3. appraise the quality of the evidence
4. integrate credible evidence into clinical decision making
Quality Improvement 6 Aims - Answer Safety
Patient connectedness
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