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2024 NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NUR 2063PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What lowers blood glucose level by putting glucose into cells - CORRECT
ANSWERS-insulin
What increases sugars from the pancreas - CORRECT ANSWERS-glucagon
What is the name of the infection given to newborns who have blindness at
birth from chlamydia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Ophthalmia Neonatorum
How is syphillis transported in the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS-through the
vascular system and blood stream
What is rebound tenderness? - CORRECT ANSWERS-occurs when there is
pressure taken off the abdomen. indicative of appendicitis
What is gastritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Inflammation of the stomach lining.
The lining will be red and inflamed and irritated
What are the causes of gastritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Ingestion of irritating
substances such a alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDS, viruses and bacteria
What is GERD? - CORRECT ANSWERS-the back flow of gastric contents into
the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. The inflammation
occurs from the reflex of highly acidic stomach acid that comes up.
What are the causes of GERD? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Any condition or agent
that alters closure of the lower esophageal sphincter or increases in
abdominal pressure, fatty food, caffeine, large amounts of alcohol, smoking,
pregnancy and anatomical features like hiatal hernia
What is the concern with Cushings disease and Addisons disease? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-they cause or have been caused by fluctuations in glucocorticoid
levels, causing different things
What is cholecystitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-inflammation of the gallbladder
,What type of pain does one experience with cholecystitis? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Boring RUQ pain
What type of disorder is type 1 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWERS-insulin
dependent due to destruction of the beta cells of pancreas or receptors not
present for insulin
What type of disorder is type 2 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWERS-insulin
resistant because over time the cells desensitize to insulin or receptor
numbers decrease on the cells
What disorder causes inflammation of bladder lining - CORRECT ANSWERS-
cystitis
What disorder causes inflammation of the kidneys - CORRECT ANSWERS-
pyelonephritis
Which hormone increases calcium in blood stream - CORRECT ANSWERS-PTH
Which hormone put calcium back in the bones - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Calcitonin
What type of bowel obstruction is based on movement of the intestine,
medication, diet or anesthesia given - CORRECT ANSWERS-functional- how it
functions to move things through
What are complications of GERD? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Barrett's esophagus
where columnar tissue replaces normal squamous tissue in the distal
esophagus that carries a high risk for cancer. Progression can lead to ulcers
and scarring. Esophageal strictures, pulmonary symptoms such as cough,
asthma and laryngitis from reflux in breathing passages.
What are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-epigastric burning pain that is usually relieved by food or antacids
(gastric ulcers present on empty stomach but can be after food, duodenal
ulcers present 2-3 hours after food and is relieved by food). Can also be life
threatening as GI bleeding can occur without warning and cause a drop in
H/H and dark tarry stools and hematemesis.
What is the role of H.pylori in peptic ulcer disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
promotes both gastric and duodenal ulcer formation and thrives in acidic
areas. It slows down ulcer healing and can reoccur frequently, and taking it
away can help ulcers heal.
, What is pseudomembranous colitis?(C.diff) - CORRECT ANSWERS-acute
inflammation and necrosis of large intestine. The intestinal lining cannot
absorb well.
What is the cause of pseudomembranous colitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
clostridium difficile, exposure to long term antibiotics that off set the e.coli
and c.diff balance in intestine
What are the manifestations of pseudomembranous colitis? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-foul smelling/bloody stool, abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis,
sepsis, colonic perforation.
How do we treat pseudomembranous colitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-stop
current antibiotics, treat ischemia and contributing conditions, give oral
antibiotics like metronidazole or vancomycin, fecal transplant or colectomy if
severe
How do we prevent the spread of pseudomembranous colitis? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-wearing appropriate PPE and washing hands with soap and water
only
What are the signs and symptoms of appendicitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Periumbilical pain, RLQ pain, presence of a positive McBurneys point with
pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, RLQ tenderness, systemic signs of
infection
How do we assess for appendicitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-McBurney's point
technique when pressing on the belly button and RLQ hip region and
removing the pressure causes intense pain, indicates positive appendicitis
What are the causes of bowel obstructions? - CORRECT ANSWERS-previous
surgery of the intestines with adhesions, congenital abnormalities of the
bowel, metastatic cancer of the intestinal tract or female reproductive
organs, accumulation of fluid, gas, water and electrolytes in the bowel.
What is a functional bowel obstruction? - CORRECT ANSWERS-a problem with
the act of the bowel actually moving, such as things that inhibit movement
from surgery, medications, opioids, low fiber diets that can slow motility or
shut off the GI system from the SNS stimulation.
What is a mechanical bowel obstruction? - CORRECT ANSWERS-due to
adhesions, hernia, tumors, impacted feces, volvus or twisting of the
intestines, intussusception
What are the signs and symptoms of liver disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
hepatocellular failure (jaundice, decreased clotting, hypoalbuminemia,
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