BIO 446 Chapters 13 and 14 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 446
Institution
BIO 446
Give an example of spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems in a region. Human land-use change has fragmented landscapes, shifting the balance so that managed patches become the matrix in which small fragments of less managed lands persist
What are biogeochemical hotspots and what type of biogeochemica...
BIO 446 Chapters 13 and 14 Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Give an example of spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems in a region. ✅Human land-
use change has fragmented landscapes, shifting the balance so that managed patches
become the matrix in which small fragments of less managed lands persist
What are biogeochemical hotspots and what type of biogeochemical hotspot is a beaver
pond? ✅have high process rates. Beaver ponds have high methane emissions.
Give an example of variation patch shape, configuration, connectivity, and
metapopulations in a real ecosystem setting. ✅Metapopulation: Monarch butterflies
breed at Pismo Beach, then disperse across the west. There is gene flow between
separate populations.
Configuration: spatial arrangement of patches in a landscape.
Patch Shape: determines distance from edge.
Connectivity: movement between patches.
How does the edge to area ratio of patches within an ecosystem affect Landscape
processes on land and in aquatic systems, and why? ✅Edges often experience a
different physical environment from interiors of patches.
Example: forest boundaries adjacent to clearcuts experience more wind and solar
radiation.
Example: stream hits a river, sharp differences in organisms and processes
What factors influence landscape heterogeneity? ✅environmental variation, population
and community processes, and disturbance
Give an example of a historical legacy in a landscape or ecosystem. ✅Yellowstone
National Park. Landscape variation in fire severity and cone serotiny caused seedling
recruitment of lodgepole pines to range form 0 to 500,000 stems, which influenced
successional productivity and nutrient cycling
By examining figure 13.3 describe how mean annual precipitation and temperature may
affect soil carbon content. ✅Greatest soil carbon content occurs at moderate
temperatures and with high precipitation.
What is a shifting steady-state mosaic in the context of landscape ecology? ✅The
vegetation at any point is always changing, but over a large area the proportion of the
landscape in each successional stage is constant
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