BIO 446L - Exam 2 (Nervous System) Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 446
Institution
BIO 446
Cerebral cortex: Function -Site of advanced intellectual functions interacting with other parts of the nervous system -Involved in memory storage and recall -Comprehension and language -Musical and math skills -Higher cognitive functions -perception and conscious understanding of sensations -proces...
BIO 446L - Exam 2 (Nervous System)
Questions and Correct Answers
Somatotopic organization ✅-Precentral gyrus = motor cell bodies
-Postcentral gyrus = sensory cell bodies
-Medial to lateral = toe to head
Cerebral cortex: Function ✅-Site of advanced intellectual functions interacting with
other parts of the nervous system
-Involved in memory storage and recall
-Comprehension and language
-Musical and math skills
-Higher cognitive functions
-perception and conscious understanding of sensations
-processing complex motor activities
Motor neuron injury: LMN ✅No innervation/signals to the muscles ans no reflexes
present
-Flaccid paralysis (flaccid muscles)
-Muscle atrophy
-Muscle twitching (uncontrolled)
-Hypoflexia
-No Babinski reflex
Motor (Pyramidal) System: Process ✅1. Stimulation of the primary motor cortex results
in UMNs motor impulses being sent to LMNs
2. UMN axons pass w/o interruption to the LMNs in the spinal cord on the *opposite*
side of the body
3. LMNs hten send their axons through spinal nerves directly to individual muscles
Upper motor neuron (UMN) ✅-fibers run in the descending tracts to reach the LMN
Dorsal (posterior) column tract ✅-Pathway for tactile discrimination and proprioception
-Located on same (ipsilateral) side as sensation
-Contains the axon of the primary neuron
4. NERVOUS SYSTEM ✅4. NERVOUS SYSTEM
Development of the Nervous System ✅forming of the neural groove that eventually
merges to form the neural tube and during this process, neural crest cells break off
, Neural groove ✅runs the length of the embryo and eventually merges to for the neural
tube
Neural tube ✅origin of the brain and spinal cord
Neural crest cells ✅-Form sensory neurons that give rise to spinal ganglia
-Centers of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS
Nervous system subdivisions ✅Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Central Nervous System (CNS) ✅brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) ✅cranial and spinal nerves
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 1 ✅The part of the PNS that controls the glands
and the muscles of the internal organs
-sympathetic
-parasympathetic
(-enteric)
Sympathetic nervous system ✅fight or flight part of the ANS
Parasympathetic nervous system ✅rest and digest part of the ANS
Enteric nervous system ✅the nervous system of the digestive tract part of the ANS
Afferent fibers ✅sensory fibers; carry signals from the PNS to the CNS
Efferent fibers ✅motor fibers; carry signals from the CNS to the PNS
Relay ✅Conveys impulses from one area of the NS to another
Reflex ✅Involuntary response to a stimulus
-consists of an afferent input and an efferent neuron
-can be more complex when interneurons are located b/t the afferent and efferent
neurons
-Involve cranial nerves
Reflexes: Functions ✅-Protection/Survival
-Some can be controlled (breathing rate)
-Some can be suppressed with age
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