ADJ 107 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSADJ 107 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSADJ 107 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSADJ 107 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSADJ 107 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Study on the number of gangs in the United States - ANSWER - according to a recent federal bureau of investigati...
ADJ 107 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Study on the number of gangs in the United States - ANSWER - according to a recent federal
bureau of investigation report, over $33,000 gangs exist across the United States.
United States V. Gementera - ANSWER - courts affirmed the use of shaming as a form of
punishment in 2004.
Studies on peer pressure and delinquency - ANSWER - studies indicate peer pressure as a
major cause of delinquency. Issues such as peer approval of deviance, attachment to a deviant
peer, and frequency of time spent with deviant peer all contributed to future criminality.
Study on police use of discretion - ANSWER - several studies also suggest police are more
likely to use discretion in less crime-ridden neighborhoods.
Study on delinquency and antisocial behavior - ANSWER - showed higher rates of delinquency
and antisocial activity among boys with low parental monitoring.
Study on inmates entering the criminal justice system that cannot afford an attorney - ANSWER
- approximately 80% of those who enter the criminal justice cannot afford an attorney for their
own defense, which suggest people entering the criminal justice system have little savings to
pay for private lawyers.
Study on the death penalty and race of the victim - ANSWER - according to the death penalty
information center almost 75 of death sentences involved the murder victims being caucasian.
Study on criminal father and non-criminal fathers - ANSWER - approximately 8% of the sons of
non-criminal fathers became offenders, compared to 37% of youths with criminal fathers.
African-American incarceration rate - ANSWER - 38% but African Americans make up just over
12% of the American population.
, Women in the workforce - ANSWER - 57% of working age women are in the workforce
compared with 1950 where under 34% of up working age women were in the workforce.
Psychological Sociology - ANSWER - involves studying human interactions and relationships,
which emphasize group dynamics, specifically socialization
Status Frustration - ANSWER - allows youth to join gangs, commit crime, and engage in deviant
behavior
Chicago School - ANSWER - does not believe criminal behavior is a result of individuals traits,
rather a function of personal choices combined with environmental conditions
Additional issues related to abuse and neglect - ANSWER - a recent study found being abused
or neglected as a child increases the likelihood of arrest as a juvenile is 59% in America.
Globalization and critical criminology - ANSWER - critical criminologist review elements of
globalization within society and feel globalization replaced imperialism and colonization as a
new form of economic domination and oppression by westerners.
John Hagan - ANSWER - and his associates developed the power/control theory in order to
show the gender differences and to explain the onset of criminality.
Strain Theories - ANSWER - depict crime as a form of problem-solving behavior committed in
response to frustration and additional environmental problems.
Social Bond Theory - ANSWER - crime or delinquency occurs when the bond between an
individual and social group is absent, weakened or broken.
Restorative Justice - ANSWER - emphasizes mending the harm caused by the criminal
Neutralization Theory - ANSWER - The concept that most people commit some type of criminal
act in their lives and that many people are prevented from doing so again because of a sense of
guilt, but criminals neutralize feelings of guilt through rationalization, denial, or an appeal to
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