The study of Earth's features (land, water, air), inhabitants
(living things) and their spatial (locational) relationships
and interactions.
What is Geography
Textbook: the science that studies the relationships
among natural
systems, geographic areas, and human society and
culture, and the interdependence of all of these.
1) Location: Absolute or relative position on Earth.
2) Place: The human and physical characteristics of a
location. No two places are
exactly alike on Earth.
5 traditional themes of
3) Region: An area defined by uniform characteristics.
Geographic Study
4) Movement: Interaction between places through
migration, and/or diffusion.
5) Human-Earth Relationships: The two way relationship
between society and the environment.
-WHERE? (Location)
- WHY THERE? describes or explains the processes that
The 3 Primary asked
allow the object/subject of interest to occur at a location
questions in geographic
- WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE? The impact the
inquiry
object/subject has on other phenomena connected to
the location and vice versa.
The examination of spatial interactions, patterns, and
Spatial Analysis
variations over area and/or space.
, 1) Spatial Interaction: The interaction and
interdependence between geographic
areas or sites
Key Concepts of Spatial
2) Spatial Distribution: The arrangement of features in
Analysis
space
3) Regions: A region is an area of the Earth defined by
one or more distinctive characteristics
1) Observation
2) Hypothesis & Prediction
Primary Steps of the
3) Experimentation and Measurement
Scientific Method
4) Peer review
5) Scientific Theory and development
A system that is self-contained and isolated from
Closed System influences outside the system. (energy can flow in and
out)
A system that exchanges energy and matter with the
Open System
surroundings (energy and matter). (Glaciers)
Feedback A change in a system caused by the system's output.
Changes in a system that are amplified by the system's
output. Ex: rise in atmospheric temperatures by the
Positive Feedback
continual release of greenhouse gasses into the
atmosphere.
A system's operations are reversed by the system's
Negative Feedback
output.
Angular displacement
from the equator
Latitude - North-south direction
- 0º-90º
- Also known as Parallels
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