Properties of water • Exists as a liquid at most places on Earth's surface
• Expands when it freezes; which is important in the
weathering of rock
• Exists as a ____ at most • Hydrogen bonding creates surface tension, a "skin" of
places on _____surface molecules giving water a stickiness
• _____ when it ____; which is quality - surface tension
important in the _____of rock • Capillarity; water can "climb" up narrow openings. This
• _____ bonding creates is important to the movement of
surface ____, a "skin" of groundwater.
____giving water a _____ • Good solvent; water dissolves most substances
quality - surface tension • High specific heat; it takes a relatively high amount of
• ____; water can "climb" up energy to raise the temperature of
____openings. This is water.
important to the movement
of
groundwater.
• Good _____; water dissolves
most ______
• High specific ___; it takes a
relatively ____ amount of
energy to raise the _______of
water.
,Phase Changes and Heat Water absorbs or releases energy as it changes from
Exchange one state to another.
• IMPORTANT: The heat exchanged between physical
Water _____or releases states of water provides more than
energy as it _____from one 30% of the energy that powers the general circulation of
state to another. the atmosphere.
• IMPORTANT: The heat
_______between physical ______
of water provides more
than
3__% of the energy that
powers the ______ circulation
of the atmosphere.
The heat energy absorbed or released during a phase
Latent Heat
change.
1) Ice: solid phase
Three phases of water 2)Water: liquid phase
3)Water Vapor: gas phase
• Upon freezing water expands in volume and density
(Note: maximum density occurs
while water is still in a liquid phase, at 4°C (39°F)
• The decrease in density manifests itself in the buoyancy
Ice, the solid phase
of ice in water
• The increase in volume can damage infrastructure e.g.
roads, pipes and plays an
important role in the weathering (breakdown) of rocks
Water, the liquid phase Non-compressible fluid that assumes the shape of its
container
Non-compressible fluid that • The phase change from ice absorbs heat energy
______ the shape of its • A good solvent
container
, Water vapor, the gas phase • Invisible and compressible gas
• We see water vapor in the atmosphere after
condensation has occurred in the form
of clouds, fog, and steam
Invisible and________ gas • Water vapor is a greenhouse gas
Humidity Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air
• The water holding capacity of air is influenced by
temperature of the air and water vapor
• Humidity and air temperature determine our sense of
Humidity is theA__________ of comfort
water vapor in the air
Relative humidity A measure of how close the air is to saturation (%
saturation) at a given temperature or the ratio of the
amount of water vapor is in the air compared to the
maximum amount of water vapor that the air can hold at
A_____ of how close the air is a given temperature
to______ (% saturation) at a • Because there is a maximum amount of water vapor
given_______ or the ratio of that can exist in a volume of air at a
the amount of______ vapor is given temperature, the rates of evaporation and
in the air compared to the condensation can reach equilibrium at
maximum amount of some point.
water___ that the air can
hold at a given temperature
Saturation and Dew point • Saturation = 100% humidity
• Dew-point temperature: temperature at which a given
______at which a given sample sample of air becomes saturated with water vapor and
of air becomes_______ with net condensation begins.
water vapor and net_______
begins.
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