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Summary Social Work 378 - Health Care

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Social work 387 - Health care

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  • October 26, 2019
  • 23
  • 2017/2018
  • Summary

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The Capabilities approach

Intro

 The economist Amartya Sen expressed the concept of capabilities in the 1980’s as a
way to view wellbeing
 Was developed over years and is now known as the Capabilities approach
 The social work profession is concerned about people’s wellbeing as seen in the
international definition of social work

Three main concepts

 Functionings
 Regarded as the activities or conditions which determine a person’s wellbeing
 Aspects such as bodily health, being safe, a good education and the ability to
move freely are bit a few conditions that determine the functioning of a person
 Actual activities which a person engages in – this determine wellbeing
 Certain conversion factors (enabling or restraining conditions) will have an
impact on a person’s functionings
 Three conversion factors that inhibit or encourage the transformation of a
characteristic into functionings:
 Personal characteristics
 Social characteristics
 Environmental characteristics


 Capabilities
 Are a person’s real freedoms or opportunities to achieve functionings
 Capabilities can be described as the various groupings of functionings that a
person can achieve
 Nussbaum identified 10 central human capabilities that are seen as the core
requirements for a decent life
 These functionings capabilities should serve as a bare minimum for people to
live a good life in a good society
 These 10 will be discussed later


 Agency
 A person’s role as a member of society with the ability to participate in
community, social, economic and political actions
 Agency can be seen as the ability to act according to one’s values

,  People who generally enjoy high levels of agency are engaged in actions that
are congruent with their values
 Weak agency refers to only individual goals and capabilities, where strong
agency also includes responsibility towards other people’s capabilities,
including the capabilities of society at large
 Some authors argue that strong agency aims to expand freedom of others in a
social network where there is commitment and responsibility
 Aspirations
 Not explicitly mentioned as an element of the capability approach – some
authors view it as an important aspect
 Can be seen as signifiers of what is meaningful and valuable for individuals
 Are significant as they indicate the freedom to dream of things that are
important to people




The ten capabilities

1. Quality of life
 Being able to live to the end of a human life or normal length
 Not dying prematurely
 Or not dying before one’s life is so reduced as to not be worth living
2. Bodily health
 Being able to have good health
 Including reproductive health
 To be adequately nourished
 To have adequate shelter

, 3. Bodily integrity
 Being able to move freely from place to place
 To be secure against violent assault, including sexual assault and domestic
violence
 Having opportunities for sexual satisfaction and choice in reproduction matters


4. Senses, imagination and thought
 Being able to use the senses, to imagine, to think and to reason
 Cultivated by adequate education – including being literate, being able to do
basic math and science
 Being able to use one’s mind in ways protected by guarantees of freedom of
expression with respect to both political and artistic speech, and freedom of
religious exercise


5. Emotions
 Being able to have attachments to things or people outside themselves
 To love those who love and care for us, to grieve at their absence
 Not having one’s emotional development blighted by fear and anxiety


6. Practical reason
 Being able to form a conception of the good and the to engage in critical
reflection about the planning of one’s life


7. Affiliation
 Being able to live with and towards others, to recognise and show concern for
other humans, to engage in various forms of social interaction, to be able to
imagine the situation of another
 Having the social bases of self-respect and non-humiliation – being able to be
treated as a dignified being whose worth is equal to that of others – provisions
of non-discrimination on basis of race, sex, religion, or species


8. Other species
 Being able to live with concern for and in relations to animals, plants and the
world of nature


9. Play
 Being able to laugh, play and enjoy recreational activities

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