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NURS 3380 - Pain and Anesthesia -Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified

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What common ending do all local anesthetic have? Caine What is the common action of local anesthetic? Block PERCEPTION of pain by blocking sodium channels Use of local anesthetic produces a _________ effect Regional T/F: local anesthetics can commonly cause CNS depression F What are the two...

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  • August 16, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • NURS 3380
  • NURS 3380
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MikeHarris
NURS 3380 - Pain and Anesthesia -Questions with Correct Answers/
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What common ending do all local anesthetic have?

Caine

What is the common action of local anesthetic?

Block PERCEPTION of pain by blocking sodium channels

Use of local anesthetic produces a _________ effect

Regional

T/F: local anesthetics can commonly cause CNS depression

F

What are the two classifications of local anesthetics?

- ester
- amides

What is in important consideration regarding ester type reactions?

Allergy will be across ALL ester type drugs

What is the onset of local anesthetics affected by?

- molecular size
- lipid solubility
- degree of ionization at tissue pH

What type of tissue has a longer onset and longer duration of local anesthetics?

Hypoxic tissue

Local anesthetics have a shorter duration of action in _______ blood flow tissues, and a longer
duration of action in _________ blood flow tissues

High, low

What vasoconstrictor are Caine type drugs often combined with when administering?

Epinephrine

Why is epinephrine formulated with local anesthetics?

Prolonged action and decreases toxicity systemically

What are the side effects of using epinephrine?

- palpations
- arrhythmia
- HTN
- nervousness
- tachycardia

,What is administered when there is toxicity to epinephrine?

Alpha and beta adrenergic antagonist

What is the action of esters and amides in general?

Block sodium channels to block pain signaling

What are the general side effects of ester and amide type drugs:

- decreased uterine contractions
- neonatal CNS depression
- bradycardia, hypotension (if reached systemically)
- CNS excitation —> depression (seizure risk)

What side effect can happen with chronic use of ester and amide type drugs in children <2yo?

Methemoglobinemia

What are the Ester type local anesthetic drugs?

- chloroprocaine

- benzocaine

- cocaine

- tetracaine

What are the Amide type local anesthetic drugs?

- lidocaine

- buvicaine

What route(s) are chloroprocaine available?

Injection

Chloroprocaine has in increased risk of causing what side effect?

Allergic reaction

What is the most commonly used ester type local anesthetic?

Benzocaine

Benzocaine is contraindicated in patients of what age? Why?

<2yo, methemoglobinemia

Benzocaine is the active ingredient in what OTC product?

Toothache gels

How is benzocaine administered?

Topical

What drug was the first ever local anesthetic?

, Cocaine

What types of procedures is cocaine still utilized in?

Ear, nose, throat

How is cocaine administered topically?

Topically

What is the mechanism of action of cocaine?

Inhibits norepinephrine reuptake

What are the side effects of cocaine?

- CNS excitation —> CNS depression
- adrenergic stimulation

T/F: cocaine is administered with a vasoconstrictor (epinephrine)

F - there is already going to be increased NE

What is the most common Amide type local anesthetic?

Lidocaine

How is lidocaine administered?

Injection or topically

Why can lidocaine become dangerous when administered topically ?

Higher concentration than injection forms

What are general anesthetics used for ?

Lack of PAIN SENSATION and UNCONSCIOUSNESS

Anesthesia meaning

Loss of pain and sensation

Analgesia meaning

Loss of sense of pain

What is are the mechanisms of action in general anesthetics?

- enhance inhibitory synapses
- activation of GABA
- Glock glutamate
- decrease excitation at excitatory synapse

What are the INHALED general anesthetics?

- isoflaurane

- nitrous oxide

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