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CHAPTER 33 TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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CHAPTER 33 TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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CHAPTER 33 TEST BANK QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
A patient with a family history of allergies has suffered an allergic response based on a genetic
predisposition. This atopic response is usually mediated by what immunoglobulin?
A)Immunoglobulin A
B) Immunoglobulin M
C)Immunoglobulin G
D)Immunoglobulin E - ANSWER D
Atopy refers to allergic reactions characterized by the action of IgE antibodies and a genetic predisposition
to allergic reactions
An office worker takes a cupcake that contains peanut butter. He begins wheezing, with an inspiratory
stridor and air hunger and the occupational health nurse is called to the office. The nurse should recognize
that the worker is likely suffering from which type of hypersensitivity?
A)Anaphylactic (type 1)
B)Cytotoxic (type II)
C)Immune complex (type III)
D)Delayed-type (type IV) - ANSWER A
The most severe form of a hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis. An unanticipated severe allergic
reaction that is often explosive in onset, anaphylaxis is characterized by edema in many tissues, including
the larynx, and is often accompanied by hypotension, bronchospasm, and cardiovascular collapse in severe
cases. Type II, or cytotoxic, hypersensitivity occurs when the system mistakenly identifies a normal
constituent of the body as foreign. Immune complex (type III) hypersensitivity involves immune complexes
formed when antigens bind to antibodies. Type III is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus,
rheumatoid arthritis, certain types of nephritis, and bacterial endocarditis. Delayed-type (type IV), also
known as cellular hypersensitivity, occurs 24 to 72 hours after exposure to an allergen
A patient is learning about his new diagnosis of asthma with the asthma nurse. What medication has the
ability to prevent the onset of acute asthma exacerbations?
,A)Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
B)Montelukast (Singulair)
C)Albuterol sulfate (Ventolin)
D)Epinephrine - ANSWER B
Many manifestations of inflammation can be attributed in part to leukotrienes. Medications categorized
as leukotriene antagonists or modifiers such as montelukast (Singulair) block the synthesis or action of
leukotrienes and prevent signs and symptoms associated with asthma. Diphenhydramine prevents
histamine's effect on smooth muscle. Albuterol sulfate relaxes smooth muscle during an asthma attack.
Epinephrine relaxes
bronchial smooth muscle but is not used on a preventative basis.
A nurse is preparing a patient for allergy skin testing. Which of the following precautionary steps is most
important for the nurse to follow?
A)The patient must not have received an immunization within 7 days.
B)The nurse should administer albuterol 30 to 45 minutes prior to the test.
C)Prophylactic epinephrine should be administered before the test. D)Emergency equipment should be
readily available. - ANSWER D
Emergency equipment must be readily available during testing to treat anaphylaxis. Immunizations do not
contraindicate testing. Neither epinephrine nor albuterol is given prior to testing.
A patient who is scheduled for a skin test informs the nurse that he has been taking corticosteroids to help
control his allergy symptoms. What nursing intervention should the nurse implement?
A)The patient should take his corticosteroids regularly prior to testing.
B)The patient should only be tested for grass, mold, and dust initially.
C)The nurse should have an emergency cart available in case of anaphylaxis during the test.
D)The patient's test should be cancelled until he is off his corticosteroids - ANSWER D
, Corticosteroids and antihistamines, including over-the-counter allergy medications, suppress skin test
reactivity and should be stopped 48 to 96 hours before testing, depending on the duration of their activity.
Emergency equipment must be at hand during allergy testing, but the test would be postponed.
A patient has developed severe contact dermatitis with burning, itching, cracking, and peeling of the skin
on her hands. What should the nurse teach the patient to do?
A)Wear powdered latex gloves when in public.
B)Wash her hands with antibacterial soap every few hours.
C)Maintain room temperature at 75°F to 80°F whenever possible.
D)Keep her hands well-moisturized at all times. - ANSWER D
Powdered latex gloves can cause contact dermatitis. Skin should be kept well-hydrated and should be
washed with mild soap. Maintaining room temperature at 75°F to 80°F is not necessary.
A patient with severe environmental allergies is scheduled for an immunotherapy injection. What should
be included in teaching the patient about this treatment?
A)The patient will be given a low dose of epinephrine before the treatment.
B)The patient will remain in the clinic to be monitored for 30 minutes following the injection.
C)Therapeutic failure occurs if the symptoms to the allergen do not decrease after 3 months.
D)The allergen will be administered by the peripheral intravenous route. - ANSWER B
Although severe systemic reactions are rare, the risk of systemic and potentially fatal anaphylaxis exists.
Because of this risk, the patient must remain in the office or clinic for at least 30 minutes after the injection
and is observed for possible systemic symptoms.Therapeutic failure is evident when a patient does not
experience a decrease in symptoms within 12 to 24 months. Epinephrine is not given prior to treatment
and the IV route is not used.
The nurse in an allergy clinic is educating a new patient about the pathology of the patient's health
problem. What response should the nurse describe as a possible consequence of histamine release?
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