Optical fibre is the technology associated with data transmission using light pulses travelling along with a long fibre which is usually made of plastic or glass and this notes provides in depth knowledge about optical fibres in an organized manner.
Optical Fibre
Optical fibre is the technology associated with data transmission using light
pulses travelling along with a long fibre which is usually made of plastic or glass.
Metal wires are preferred for transmission in optical fibre communication as
signals travel with fewer damages. Optical fibres are also unaffected by
electromagnetic interference. The fibre optical cable uses the application of total
internal reflection of light. The fibres are designed such that they facilitate the
propagation of light along with the optical fibre depending on the requirement of
power and distance of transmission. Single-mode fibre is used for long-distance
transmission, while multimode fibre is used for shorter distances. The outer
cladding of these fibres needs better protection than metal wires.
Parts of Fibre Optic Cables
The fibre optic cables are mainly made of four parts, they are listed below.
1. Core
2. Cladding
3. Buffer
4. Jacket
, Core: The core is the inner part of the optical fibre. It is the medium, which
allows the light to pass through it. The core region has the highest refractive index
in the optical fibre. The core is made up of Glass or Plastic.
Cladding: Cladding is the substance that is covered over the core of the optical
fibre. It has a lower refractive index while compared to the core of the fibre. The
cladding of the Optical fibre is made up of Glass / Plastic.
Buffer: The Buffer is the moisture substance that is coated over the surface of
the cladding. They are mainly used to provide flexibility to the optical fibre’s core
and cladding.
Jacket: The jacket is the outer surface of the optical fibre. They act as a shield
for protecting the inner part of the fibre.
Types of Optical Fibres
The types of optical fibres depend on the refractive index, materials used, and
mode of propagation of light.
The classification based on the refractive index is as follows:
• Step Index Fibres: It consists of a core surrounded by the cladding, which
has a single uniform index of refraction.
• Graded Index Fibres: The refractive index of the optical fibre decreases
as the radial distance from the fibre axis increases.
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