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ANTH 4580 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANTH 4580 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANTH 4580 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
ReservesPolicesBattalions101s-sans--
Ascommonsreservesbattalion,scomposedsmostlysofsworkingsclasssmensfromsHamburg.sAver
agesageswassroughlys33syearssold.sLedsbysMajorsTrapps(affectionatelyscalledsPapasTrapp),s
theyscarriedsoutsthesJozefowsmassacresinsPoland,sinswhichsyoungsJewishsmensweressentsto
sworkscampssandseveryoneselseswassshotsinstheshead.sRoughlys1800swere skilled.sSignifica
ntsbecausesthisswassonesofsthesfirstsinstancessofsthesmassive,ssystemicsescalationsofsJewis
hsextermination,srepresentingsthesshiftsinsNazispolicy.sThesbattalionscommittedsthesmassac
resins1942.sAlsosnotablesbecausessomessoldierssweresallowedstosoptsoutsofstheskillingsifsthey
sweren'tsfeelingsupsforsit,sshowingsthatsmostsNazissoldierssdidn'tsgenerallysfearsreprisalsforsre
sistingsNazisorders.sAssMajorsTrappsputsit,s"Orderssaresorders."
ReservesPolicesBattalions-sans--
NazisGermansparamilitarysformationsofsOrdnungspolizeis(OrdersPolice),sservingsundersthes
controlsofsthesSSsbyslaw.s
-
FormedsinsHamburg,sitswassdeployedsinsSeptembers1939salongswithsthesWehrmachtsarmysi
nsthesinvasionsofsPoland.sInitially,sthesPolicesBattalions101s(German:sPolizeibataillons101)s
guardedsPolishsprisonerssofswarsbehindsGermanslines,sandscarriedsoutsexpulsionsofsPoles,s
calleds"resettlementsactions",sinsthesnewsWarthegausterritorysaroundsPoznańsandsŁódź.sFo
llowingsthespersonnelschangesandsretrainingsfromsMays1941suntilsJunes1942,sitsbecamesas
majorsperpetratorsofsthesHolocaustsinsoccupiedsPoland.
whosweresthesmensinsRPBs101s-sans--
MensfromsHamburg.sSomeswerespolice,sotherssweresWWIsvetssbutsmostshadsneversfiredsas
gunsorsbeensshotsat
Composedsofsreserveslieutenantssandsmenswhoshadssimplysbeensconscriptedsaftersthesout
breaksofstheswar,snoncommissionedsofficers
-
Reserveslieutenants,snoncommissionedsofficers,senthusiasticskillers,sshooterssthatsdidn'tss
eeksoutskillingsbutswould,sandsassmallsamountsofsrefusers
WeresRPBsmensyoung?s-sans--
Mostsweresmiddelsaged,stoosoldstosbesonsthesfrontslinessduringsWWII.savg.sage=s39
werestheysmemberssofsthesnazisparty?s-sans--25%sofsmemberssweresNazissins1942
, Whatsclasssweresthey?sDidstheyshavesfamilies?s-sans--
workingsandslowersmiddlesclassswithsfamilies
HowsdidsBrowningsdosresearchsonsPBs101?sDidshesinterviewsthesmen?s-sans--
hesdidsnotsinterviewsthem.susedsmainlystestimony
WhatsweresthesreasonssthesPBsmensgavesforskillingsthesjews?s-sans--
Thesmenskilledsbecausesthey:
"weresfollowingsorders"
"weresobeyingstheslaw"
"didsnotsholdsresponsibilitysforsthesfatesofsthesJews"
*anti-SemitismswassnotsassprevalentsinsPBsassinsthesNazisparty
thesMilgramsexperiment=speerspressuresandsobediencestosauthority
whatswassthesrolesofsanti-semitismsinsPBs101?s-sans--nonesweresopenlysanti-
Semitic.sThereswassalsosassmallsgroupsofsmenswhoswentsoutsofstheirswaystosdosfavorssforspri
soners,sandswhoswouldsskirtstheirsresponsibilitiessorshidesfromsfiringssquadsduty.
Whatswassthesrolesofsanti-semiticsNazispropagandasinsPBs101?s-sans--
middlesagedsmensweresnotsthestargetspfsNazispropaganda.sTheyshadsgrownsupsbeforesthes
warswhensJewssweresassimilatedsintosGermansculture.sTheysweresexposedstosNazispropag
andasbutsitsdidn'tstrulysaffectsthem.
WhatshappenedstosPBsmen'ssattitudesonskillingsoverstime?s-sans--
Mensbecamesdesensitizedstostheskillingsbecausestheysdidsitseveryday.sTheysoftensusedsalco
holstosnumbsthestragedy,sbutssawsthatsupperslevelsofficialssweresoksandshappyswithstheskillin
gssostheyscontinuedstheirswork.
whatshappenedstosthesPBsmensinstheirstrialssafterstheswar?s-sans--
Somesbecamespolicesofficers,sSomesdiedsinstheswar
Somesbecamespolicesofficers/swentsbackstostheirsjobsasspolicesofficers
Earlystrialssins1940'ssonlysonessentencedstosdeathsandssomesotherssprisonstime
1960sstrialsconvictedsmostsofsthesmainsleaders
Seensassassuccess
WhatswassBrowning'ssdisagreementswithsDanielsGoldhagen?s-sans--
DanielsGoldhagensbelievessthatsanti-
semitismswassasdrivingsforcesinsthesideologiessofskillers.sBrowningsbelievessthatstheseswere
sjustsregularsmenswhoswerespushedsintosthesnormalcysofskilling, swhile sGoldhagensthinksstha
tsthesesmenswerescoldsbloodedskillersswhoswerespushedstosthesactsbecausesofsanti-
semitism.
JozefowsMassacres-sans--
1942sasvillage,smensofsworkingsageswerestakenstosascampsinsLublinsandstheswomen,schildre
n,sandselderlysweresshotsinstheswoodssexecutionsstylesusingsfixedsbayonetssassaimingsguids
,sPrettyssuresthisswasstheirsfirstsrunsinswithskilling.sPolishstownswheresPolicesBattalions101sca
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