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Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology 9th Edition
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Test Bank for Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology 9th Edition (Visovsky, 2019), Chapter 1-19 Complete Guide.
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Test Bank For Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology9th Edition By Constance G Visovsky; Cheryl H
Zambroski; Shirley Hosler 9780323529112 Chapter 1-19
Complete Guide .
The pKa (for the COOH group) of each of the three drugs is as follows: thyroxine = 3.0, mesothyroxine
= 4.0, neothyroxine = 5.0. Of these, which will be absorbed to the greatest extent from the stomach
(pH = 1.0)? - ANSWER: neothyroxine
The multi drug resistance proteins (or p-glycoproteins) can protect liver and kidney cells by exporting
harmful chemicals against a concentration gradient in an energy-dependent manner. What is this
called? - ANSWER: active transport
Phase II conjugates typically have the following property/properties - ANSWER: rapidly excreted in the
urine
A drug with a half-life of 2 hours is administered by continuous intravenous infusion. How long will it
take for the drug to reach 50% of its steady state concentration? - ANSWER: 2 hours
Caffeine is eliminated primarily by metabolism and with first order kinetics. The half-life of caffeine
varies significantly with individuals, but is on average 5.0 hours. The volume of distribution is 0.60
L/kg. Joe has a mass of 70 kg and is an average subject with regard to caffeine pharmacokinetics. He
has a regular habit of consuming a cup of coffee (85 mg of caffeine) at 8 am.
What is the clearance value (CL) of caffeine in a normal individual? - ANSWER: 0.083 L/hr/kg
Which of the following routes is most likely to be affected by the first-pass effect? - ANSWER: oral
A drug, given as a 150 mg single dose, results in a peak plasma concentration of 10 ug/mL. The
apparent volume of distribution is (rapid distribution and negligible elimination prior to measuring the
peak plasma level): - ANSWER: 15 L
Which of the following are routes of drug clearance?
-renal
-sweat
-intestines - ANSWER: all of the above
What factor(s) may reduce drug bioavailability?
-gastric acid instability
-first-pass affect
-exposure to digestive enzymes - ANSWER: all of the above
What type of receptor is the muscarinic receptor? - ANSWER: G-protein coupled receptor
For a cholinesterase modified by an organophosphate compound (e.g. soman), what is the time-
dependent dealkylation process called yielding an enzyme refractory toward reactivation? - ANSWER:
aging
, Muscarinic receptors bind - ANSWER: acetylcholine
Which of the following is a clinical use for a muscarinic agonist? - ANSWER: "switching on" the urinary
tract after surgery
Indirect cholinergic agonists cause - ANSWER: inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and a corresponding
increase in the synaptic acetylcholine levels
Which of the following is characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system? - ANSWER: responded
predominate during physical activity or when experiencing fright
A patient with an acute attack of glaucoma is treated with pilocarpine. The primary reason for its
effectiveness in this condition is its: - ANSWER: ability to lower intraocular pressure
Put the following steps in the correct order for neurotransmission at the cholinergic neuron -
ANSWER: 1. acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA
2. acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles into the synaptic cleft
3. acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA
4. acetylcholine is degraded by acetylcholinesterase
The autonomic nervous system innervates all of these except - ANSWER: skeletal muscle
A soldiers' unit has come under attack with a nerve agent. The symptoms exhibited are skeletal
muscle paralysis, profuse brachial secretions, miosis, bradycardia, and convulsions. The alarm
indicates exposure to an organophosphate. What is the correct treatment? - ANSWER: administer
atropine and 2-PAM (pralidoxime)
a study examining how a drug is distributed throughout the body and how the drug is changed before
eliminated is an example of - ANSWER: pharmacokinetics
knowing that all three drugs interact with the same receptor, which drug is a competitive antagonist?
- ANSWER: C on graph
rate the following drugs labeled 1-4 based on increasing efficacy - ANSWER: 2<4<1<3
the safest and most convenient route for drug administration is - ANSWER: oral
A 28-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after overdosing on oxycodone, an
opiate analgesic. She is unconscious and barely breathing when she arrives at the hospital, but revives
and is breathing normally within 2 minutes after receiving an injection of naloxone. After about an
hour, she requires another dose of naloxone as the symptoms of opiate overdose begin to redevelop.
Naloxone is likely acting as a - ANSWER: competitive antagonist of opioid receptors
the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) is a measure of a drugs - ANSWER: affinity for its receptor
Consider this pathway: epinephrine --> G protein-coupled receptor --> G protein adenylyl cyclase -->
cAMP. Identify the second messenger. - ANSWER: cAMP
Variation in the sensitivity of a population of individuals to increasing doses of a drug is best
determined by which of the following? - ANSWER: quantal dose-response curve
True or False. Drugs must always complete Phase 1 metabolism before entering Phase 2 metabolism -
ANSWER: false
Which of the following is representative of Phase 1 metabolism? - ANSWER: oxidation
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