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BIO 320 Exam 2 Questions And Answers With 100% Correct Answers
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Simple Sequence DNAs are known to be located in which areas of the chromosome - found in centromere and some in telomere; interacts with the kinetochore Simple Sequence DNA - constitutes about 6% of the human genome, also called satellite DNA, concentrated near the centromere, backward slippage ...

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  • August 16, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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BIO 320 Exam 2
Simple Sequence DNAs are known to be located in which areas of the chromosome - found in
centromere and some in telomere; interacts with the kinetochore



Simple Sequence DNA - constitutes about 6% of the human genome, also called satellite DNA,
concentrated near the centromere, backward slippage is used, number of repeats are vastly different,
simple sequence is mobile; doesn't code for anything

Gene - a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine
some characteristic of the offspring



Genome - the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism



Introns - non-coding sections of the RNA that are spliced out before the RNA is translated into a
protein



Exons - coding sections of the RNA that will not be spliced out and will be present in mRNA



Mature eukaryotic mRNAs have well-defined 3' ends terminating in _____. - poly-A tails



Eukaryotic mRNA have a _____ consisting of a 7-methyl guanosine residue joined to the transcript's
initial nucleotide. - 5' cap



Solitary Gene - there is only one copy of the gene, descriptive of most genes



The protein-coding sequences without including introns make up what percentage of the human
genome? - 1.5



What are the two genes that are tandemly repeated in the human genome? - tRNA and histones

,Paternity determination and criminal identification are based on the variability of the number of the
__________ of each individual. - simple-sequence DNA




Simple Sequence DNA are made by which mechanism? - backward slippage



The simple sequence DNA found in telomeres is synthesized by... - telomerase



The tandem repeat sequence to be added on to the 3' end of DNA by telomerase is... - TTAGGG



The RNA template sequence required for synthesizing he tandem repeat sequence is... - AAUCCC



What would be the consequence of down-regulation of telomerase activity during in vitro cell culture? -
the chromosome would get shosrter and shorter each time it divided, essential genes would be
lost



Telomerase is a type of... - enzyme: protein-RNA complex



DNA Transposon - ~3% of genome, a cut and paste mechanism, has inverted repeats



Retrotransposon - ~42% of genome, a copy and paste mechanism, has longer terminal repeat that
is not inverted



Transposons - constitutes about 25-50% of the human genome, mobile, selfish DNA



What mobile sequence is able to move or transpose to a new site of DNA by cutting and pasting it into a
target sequence of DNA? - DNA transposons



A primary enzyme that facilitates the transposition of the IS10 element. - transposase

, Describe the fundamental structural difference between LTR retrotransposon and IS2 element. -
the LTR retrotransposon has direct repeats on each side of the protein coding region while the IS2
eleement has an inverted repeat on one side



Which molecules are required for the transposition of LTR retrotransposon. - RNA polymerase,
RNA processing enzymes, Poly(A) polymerase



LINE is a type of _____ that encodes _____ which is used for the hopping of the LINE sequence into the
target site. - retrotransposon; reverse transcriptase



Alu sequence is and example of a _____ - short interspersed element



Short INterspersed Elements - retrotransposons that do not encode protein; they repair damaged
DNA



Heterochromatin - small, darkly staining, irregular particles scattered throughout the nucleus and
accumulated next to the nuclear envelope, abundant in cells that are less/not active



Euchromatin - dispersed but not stainable, prevalent in cells that are active in transcription of
their genes



Transcriptionally inactive regions of DNA are _____ meaning the _____ groups are removed by _____. -
hypermethylated; acetyl; histone deacetylase



Transcriptionally active regions are _____ by _____. - hyperacetylated; histone acetyl transferase



Transcription - the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new
molecule of RNA

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