and Answers
nonresponse bias - Answer-bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those
sampled fails to respond
Causation - Answer-A causes B
Correlation - Answer-A and B are caused by changed in C (which may or may not be
known)
Cofounding - Answer-B is caused by changed in A and C which may not be known
Confidence Interval test for π - Answer-πhat +- (1.96)(sqrt((π(1-π)/n))
Confidence Interval for mean (σ known) - Answer-x̅ +- 1.96(σx)
σx = σ/(sqrt(n)
CI for mean (unknown σ) - Answer-x̅ +- (t(n-1..025))Sx̅
Sx̅ = s/sqrt(n)
Binomial Distribution Conditions - Answer-1) series of independent trials
2)success or failure
3) Probability of success is constant
P(x) formula for binomial - Answer-P(x) = (ncx)∏^x(1-∏)^n-x
Outcomes - Answer-all the possible results of a situation
Events - Answer-specified results of a situation
U - Answer-or
n - Answer-and
Reliability (consistency) - Answer-to eliminate chance by having more data (n or
censurs)
Validity/Accuracy - Answer-to eliminate bias by having fair representation ex)random
sampling
x^2 test statistic number - Answer-3.84