Homeostasis - ANSWER: Maintenance of a stable internal environment
Complication - ANSWER: Secondary problem arising after the original disease is established
Pathophysiology - ANSWER: Study of functional or structural changes resulting from disease processes
Epidemiology - ANSWER: Science of tracking the occurrence and distribution of diseases
Cell Injury or Death Causes - ANSWER: Hypoxia, excessive cold exposure, pressure on tissue, chemical
toxins
Disease - ANSWER: Deviation from the normal state of health and function
Syndrome - ANSWER: Collection of signs and symptoms that usually occur together in response to a
certain condition
Cell Damage - ANSWER: Initial stage often causes an alteration in metabolic reactions
Double Blind Studies - ANSWER: Neither the control nor experimental group knows who receives the
experimental therapy
Blind research studies - ANSWER: Research where the subjects are unaware of the treatment they
receive, while the administrators know the treatment distribution.
, Evidence-based research - ANSWER: Confirmation from collected data that a new treatment is
effective and safe.
Acute - ANSWER: A sudden-onset illness with rapid development, potentially accompanied by high
fever or severe pain.
Infarction - ANSWER: The damage resulting from prolonged ischemia in a heart area.
Double-blind study - ANSWER: A study design where neither the participants nor the researchers
know who is in the treatment or control group.
Predisposing factors - ANSWER: Factors crucial for health professionals to predict disease prognosis,
determine treatments, and develop preventive measures.
Exogenous sources - ANSWER: External sources such as certain food additives that can cause cell
damage.
Medical history - ANSWER: Includes past illnesses, surgeries, current illnesses, prescribed and
nonprescription medications, allergies.
Epidemic - ANSWER: A situation with a higher-than-expected number of cases of an infectious disease
in a specific area.
Pathogenesis - ANSWER: The development of a disease or sequence of events related to tissue
changes in the disease process.
Water to body weight ratio in a healthy male adult - ANSWER: Expected to be around 60%.
Blood to body weight ratio in an adult male - ANSWER: Approximately 4%.
Insensible fluid loss - ANSWER: Water lost through perspiration and expiration.
Shift of water due to elevated osmotic pressure in blood - ANSWER: Water shifts from the interstitial
compartment into the blood.
Effect of deficit of plasma proteins - ANSWER: Results in decreased osmotic pressure.
Cause of edema - ANSWER: Increased capillary permeability.
Elevated hematocrit reading - ANSWER: Likely related to fluid deficit.
Sign of dehydration - ANSWER: Rough oral mucosa.
Third-spacing - ANSWER: Refers to decreased circulating blood volume combined with excess fluid in
a body cavity.
Primary cation in extracellular fluid - ANSWER: Sodium.
Common cause of hyponatremia - ANSWER: Excessive sweating.
Effect of increased parathyroid hormone - ANSWER: Increased absorption of calcium from the
digestive tract.
Result from hypocalcemia - ANSWER: Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms.
Cause of tetany - ANSWER: Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium.
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