BIO-322: Exam 4 (Latest Update)
questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A -
GCU
What is GERD? - ANSWERabnormal esophageal sphincter
What are some causes of GERD? - ANSWERcertain foods, medications, stress,
pregnancy, smoking, etc
What are the S/S of GERD? - ANSWERheartburn that is worse at night, chest pain,
sore throat
What is a complication of GERD? - ANSWERBarrett's esophagus which causes
metaplasia (replacement of normal tissue)
-can become cancerous
What are some treatments for GERD? - ANSWERprop up body on either left or ride
side, less fatty foods, no spicy foods, no acid foods, PPIs
What is peptic ulcer disease? - ANSWERulcers in the stomach or duodenum
What are the two main causes of peptic ulcer disease? - ANSWERH.pylori (overgrowth
of normal flora), chronic NSAID use
What are the differences in S/S of gastric and duodenal ulcers? - ANSWERgastric
ulcers = pain with eating
duodenal ulcers = pain 1-2 hours after eating
What does vomit and stools look like in a gastric or duodenal ulcer? - ANSWERcoffee
grounds (blood from the ulcer has oxidized because of stomach acid)
melena = black, tarry feces from stomach acid in blood
What are the complications of peptic ulcer disease? - ANSWERperforations, obstruction
from blood and food, peritonitis
What is Celiac's disease? - ANSWERimmune sensitivity to gluten (gliadin)
, What happens to the intestinal villi in Celiac's disease? - ANSWERflattens out because
of inflammation
-causes a decreased absorption of all nutrients (carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins)
What are the S/S of Celiac's disease? - ANSWERabdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea,
fatty stools, anemia (not absorbing vitB12), muscle cramps (electrolyte imbalances),
osteoporosis (low calcium)
How is Celiac's disease diagnosed? - ANSWERlow vitamin K levels, increased PT time
What is diarrhea? - ANSWERdecreased water absorption and increased peristaltic
activity of the large intestine
What is osmotic diarrhea caused by? - ANSWERartificial sweeteners - are unable to be
broken down, draws water towards it
What is secretory diarrhea caused by? - ANSWERviruses, bacteria (E. coli, clostridium
difficile- antibiotic abuse), parasites (giardia), ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and
celiac disease
What is motility diarrhea caused by? - ANSWERlaxative abuse, hyperthyroidism, and
having a part of bowel removed
What are the S/S of diarrhea? - ANSWERfrequent, loose stools, abdominal pain and
cramping, dehydration
Why is diarrhea life-threatening to infants? - ANSWERthey could get severely
dehydrated
What is the treatment for diarrhea? - ANSWERBRAT diet, treat the underlying cause,
Imodium drug
What is constipation? - ANSWERless than 3 stools per week
What are the causes of constipation? - ANSWERdecreased fiber, dehydration, age
What are the S/S of constipation? - ANSWERabdominal pain, straining, hemorrhoids
What is diverticulitis? - ANSWERinflammation of a diverticula
-MC in the sigmoid colon (left lower quadrant)
What are the two main risk factors for diverticulitis? - ANSWERelderly, low fiber diet
What are the S/S of diverticulitis? - ANSWERLLQ abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis
