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COMD 5070 - Final Exam – 122 Q’s and A’s
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COMD 5070 - Final Exam – 122 Q’s andA’s 2024-2025
what is science? what are the 4 features of the scientific method? - --
empirical
-deterministic
-predictive
-parsimonious
-what does it mean for science to be empirical? - -based on data
-what does it mean for science to be deterministic? - -obeys physical laws
-what does it mean for science to be predictive? - -if you do this.... then that
will happen
-what does it mean for science to be parsimonious? - -uses the simplest
explanation possible
-how many semitones are in one octave? - -12 semitones
-how much sampling is enough? - -sample at 2x the rate of the highest
frequency (e.g. data up to 5 kHz = sample at 10 kHz, data up to 100 Hz =
sample at 200 Hz)
-what is the Nyquist frequency? - -half the sample rate
-if you want to go up one octave, you ______ the frequency. - -double
-if you want to go down one octave, you ______ the frequency. - -halve
-what does a high pass filter do? - -allows high frequencies through
-what does a low pass filter do? - -allows low frequencies through
-what does a band pass filter do? - -allows a band of frequencies through
(mid)
-what does a band reject filter do? - -holds back/attenuates a band of
frequencies (allows high and low frequencies)
-what does a Fourier transform do? - -creates a spectrum from the time
domain waveform (deconstructs the waveform)
, -what is the cake analogy to a Fourier transform? - -analyze a cake to learn
its ingredients
-what does a time domain display show? - --a waveform represents sound
directly
-air pressure changes over time
-what does a frequency domain display show? - -a line spectrum shows the
frequency components of a periodic sound
-what is a FFT spectrum? - -fast Fourier transform
-shows harmonic energy
-each peak is a harmonic
-less clear at showing formants
-what is FFT reveal more of? - -vocal SOURCE
-what is a LPC spectrum? - -linear predictive coding
-shows spectral envelope (doesn't show individual harmonics)
-good at revealing formants
-what does a LPC spectrum reveal more of? - -vocal tract FILTER
-on a spectrum, a sine wave appears as ___________. - -a single line
-a line spectrum is a _______ in time. - -snapshot
-what is the x-axis in a speech spectrogram? - -X = TIME
-what is the y-axis in a speech spectrogram? - -Y = FREQUENCY
-what does the darkness in a speech spectrogram represent? - -darkness =
INTENSITY
-what is the difference between perturbation and modulation? - -modulation
is much slower than random cycle-to-cycle perturbation; modulation is
spread across many cycles
-what is jitter? - -frequency perturbation
-what is shimmer? - -amplitude perturbation
-what is tremor? - -rhythmic change in fundamental frequency and
amplitude
-hoarse voices have (high/low) perturbation. - -higher
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