NR 565 Midterm Exam Study Guide (Latest ):
Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals - Chamberlain
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and
excreted. - ANSWERPharmacokinetics
The study of what the drug does to the body - ANSWERPharmacodynamics
Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning - ANSWERFactors Affecting Drug Absorption
Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity - ANSWERFactors Affecting Drug Distribution
substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds;
medications are a common example - ANSWERXenobiotics
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of cholesterol and
steroids and the detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism. -
ANSWERCytochrome P450 (CYP450)
responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
- ANSWERFunction of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis - ANSWERPhase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
-Drug becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active -
ANSWERThree possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by elevating
CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration
of the "parent drug" - ANSWERCYP450 Inducers
Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes.
Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug". -
ANSWERCYP450 Inhibitors
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-
disease or medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or
syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney
function in older adults - ANSWERBeers Criteria
when one medication systemically alters the potency of another medication. -
ANSWERPharmacokinetic Interactions
result of a change due to one medication's effect on another medication's route of entry
into the body. - ANSWERAbsorption Interaction
caused by the amount of unbound/free medications available at the various target sites.
- ANSWERDistribution Interaction
concentration of the medication after biotransformation into active and inactive
metabolites in higher or lower than expected. - ANSWERMetabolism Interaction
the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure form or by altering a metabolite from
the body. - ANSWERElimination Interaction
, does not alter or impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of
the one medication's ability to manipulate the effect of another medication at its site of
action - ANSWERPharmacodynamic Interactions
refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician oversight -
ANSWERPractice Authority
refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe medications. -
ANSWERprescriptive authority
Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate patients, diagnose, order and
interpret tests, initiate and manage treatments and prescribe medications, including
controlled substances without physician oversight. - ANSWERFull-practice scope
Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice. The state requires a
formal collaborative agreement with an outside health discipline for the nurse
practitioner to provide patient care. - ANSWERReduced-practice scope
Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice by requiring
supervision, delegation, or team management by an outside health discipline for the
nurse practitioner to provide patient care. - ANSWERRestricted practice scope
DEA Scheduled Drugs - ANSWERDrugs that cannot be ordered via E-Script
Schedule II drugs - ANSWERDrugs that cannot be prescribed or refilled via phone
An occurrence of fewer than three months and is often precipitated by trauma and acute
medical conditions or treatment. - ANSWERAcute Pain
Referred Pain
Acute Somatic Pain
Acute visceral pain - ANSWERTypes of Acute Pain
episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or continuous -
ANSWERChronic pain
pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates - ANSWERReferred
Pain
-Arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone and skin.
-Sharp and localized or dull and non-localized
-Responds best to: acetaminophen, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, opiates, local anesthetics,
ice, massage - ANSWERAcute Somatic Pain
Pain in the internal organs and abdomen
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