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COMD 5070 Exam 1/85 Questions with Correct Answers
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COMD 5070 Exam 1/85 Questionswith Correct Answers
4 Features of the scientific method - -1. Empirical - based on data 2.
Deterministic - obeys physical laws (not random) 3. Predictive - if you do
this ... then that will happen 4. Parsimonious - use the simplest explanation
possible
-Why do SLP's use technology? - -1. overcome listener bias 2. consistent,
reliable measure 3. describe severity objectively 4. track progress 5. ASHA's
focus on EBP 6. provide biofeedback to client 7. SLP need to know normal
and disordered physiology 8. Need to know what the numbers represent
-Pitch perception - -order on a musical scale, subjective perception, can
NOT be measured with instruments, listener matches perceived pitch to that
of a pure tone.
-Loudness perception - -a perceptual characteristic judged by a listener, can
NOT be measured by equipment, psychophysical scale links loudness to
intensity
-Intensity - -is measured in dB and intensity = amplitude
-IL - -Intensity Level
-SPL - -Sound Pressure Level
-HL - -Hearing Level
-Loudness is measured with - -a sound level meter (NO SUCH THING AS A
LOUDNESS METER)
-difference limens (DLs) - -smallest detectable change in frequency, DLs
increase with stimulus frequency, as intensity decreases DLs become larger
-How many semitones are in one octave? - -12
-Octave - -is the doubling or the halving of frequency (400Hz base, 800 Hz
an octave up, 200 Hz is an octave down)
-How many semitones are in two octaves? - -24
, -voice range profile (VRP) - -is computed using 10 frequencies. For each
frequency the speaker produces a soft sound and a loud sound. The results
are then plotted on a chart.
-root mean square (RMS) - -1. squaring makes all of the values positive 2.
Get the average of the squared values 3. Get the square root of the average
-Inverse Square Law - -Intensity diminishes in proportion to the square of
the distance from the source.
-Relationship of subglottic pressure to speech intensity - -subglottic
pressure drives speech - louder speech, more driving pressure for loud
speech
-What is a digital signal? - -1. discrete in time and amplitude 2. numbers
represent snapshots over time 3. numbers have a finite precision 4. there
are 'unknowns' between the points
-What is an analog signal? - -are continuous in time and amplitude, there
are NO gaps, Infinite number of points in time, infinite number of amplitude
values possible, CANNOT be fully represented by a table of numbers
-What frequency should you save at for a recording? - -sample at twice the
rate of the highest frequency in the signal, data up to 100 Hz should be
sampled at 200 Hz
-What is Nyquist? - -is half the sample rate (the highest frequency you can
reproduce)
-What is quantization - -the process of converting a voltage, which is
analog, into a number, which is digital (it creates a number that reflects a
signal amplitude, one number is a 'snap shot')
-What is a sampling rate? - -is how often you take a 'snap shot', sample rate
is in Hz, 10 samples per second = 10 Hz
-What is a Fourier transforms/analysis? - -Analyze it in such a way that it
creates a spectrum which shows what the individual components are from
the time domain waveform. A Fourier transform will give you a frequency
domain display (spectrum)
-What does a spectrum show? - -A complex sound has many ingredients like
a cake. The spectrum show how much of each ingredient is present
-What are the filter types? - -1. high pass filter 2. low pass filter 3. band
pass filter 4. band reject filter
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