USU Comd 5070 Exam With 100%
Accurate Answers
Source filter model (4) - -~ the larynx serves as the sound source and its
output is then sent into the vocal tract which filters it.
~ larynx on its on cant produce any sound unless there is pressure driving it
~ pressure comes from the lungs
~ vocal tract doesn't just filter but resonates or enhances some sounds
-Pitch (2) - -Stretch the vocal folds to increase their tension and therefore
increase the frequency at which they will vibrate
~ Contracting the cricothyroid muscle
-Whisper (2) - -~ push air to cause turbulence
~ lungs provide pressure and the vocal folds create constriction to cause
turbulence
-Phonation - -vibration of vocal fold caused from pressure from lungs
-Fundamental Frequency - -~ the rate at which your vocal folds oscillate
Men: 100-120 times per second
Women: Double that
-Harmonics - -~ What comes out: the Fundamentals plus the Harmonic
components.
~ Exact multiples of the FF
~ If the FF is higher then the space between the harmonics is bigger
-Harmonic Spectral Slope - -The Fundamental is the strongest element and
the increasing harmonics get weaker.
-Typical Voice - -12 db per octave
-Tubes (5) - -~ they don't generate sounds, they are not a sound source
~ They shape or alter the sound source that enters it
~ Frequency is the best based on the size of the tube
~ Best resonance come from a frequency that is 4X the length of that tube
~ Tubes that are small will have a higher wavelength and tubes that are long
will have a lower wavelength
-Articulating - -~ you are changing the size and shape of the vocal tract
along its length (tongue)
, -Vocal Tract Transfer Function (4) - -~the difference between the sound that
enters the vocal tract and the sound that exits.
~ Input to the vocal tract comes from the larynx
~ Output of the vocal tract is what we can hear and record at the lips
~ Output minus the Input
-Formants (4) - -~ a resonant peak in the vocal tract transfer function
~ some frequencies in a given range are amplified in their amplitude such
that they are more prominent than other sounds in the spectrum.
~ there are many for any given vowel but the first 2-3 are looked at the most
~ it is not a sound source, instead it is showing how the vocal tract is
shaping that sound that the larynx gave to it
-Hypokinetic Dysarthria (3) - -~ Related to Parkinson's Disease
~ Weak, monotone voice
~ Treated through 1 Stop Shopping
-Spasmodic Dysphonia (3) - -~ neurolaryngological disorder
~ Strained or strangled voice
~ Treated medically by laryngeal injection
-Muscle Tension Dysphonia (3) - -~ tight pressured voice
~ Creates excessive muscle activity
~ Treated by laryngeal massage
-Analog - -~ Means Analogy: one phenomenon is representative of another
-Microphone (4) - -~ the microphone signal that travels through a wire is
analogous to the pressure that reaches the microphone.
~ It is a transducer: its converting energy from one source to another. The
pressure that reaches the microphone is then changed into and electrical
signal
~ large positive voltage means compression
~ large negative voltage means air rarefaction
-Analog Signals (2) - -~ Continuous in Time and Amplitude: which means
that you could zoom in at any point and not see any gaps
~ Because it is infinite you could not represent it in a table of number
-Digital Signals (4) - -~ they are discrete in Time and Amplitude: a group of
separate numbers that are recorded in one long string (snapshots)
~ Numbers have a finite precision (they have a limited number of decimal
places)
~ They can be represented by a table of numbers.
~ Limitation: you can never know what happens between numbers having a
series of unknowns (DVD).
Accurate Answers
Source filter model (4) - -~ the larynx serves as the sound source and its
output is then sent into the vocal tract which filters it.
~ larynx on its on cant produce any sound unless there is pressure driving it
~ pressure comes from the lungs
~ vocal tract doesn't just filter but resonates or enhances some sounds
-Pitch (2) - -Stretch the vocal folds to increase their tension and therefore
increase the frequency at which they will vibrate
~ Contracting the cricothyroid muscle
-Whisper (2) - -~ push air to cause turbulence
~ lungs provide pressure and the vocal folds create constriction to cause
turbulence
-Phonation - -vibration of vocal fold caused from pressure from lungs
-Fundamental Frequency - -~ the rate at which your vocal folds oscillate
Men: 100-120 times per second
Women: Double that
-Harmonics - -~ What comes out: the Fundamentals plus the Harmonic
components.
~ Exact multiples of the FF
~ If the FF is higher then the space between the harmonics is bigger
-Harmonic Spectral Slope - -The Fundamental is the strongest element and
the increasing harmonics get weaker.
-Typical Voice - -12 db per octave
-Tubes (5) - -~ they don't generate sounds, they are not a sound source
~ They shape or alter the sound source that enters it
~ Frequency is the best based on the size of the tube
~ Best resonance come from a frequency that is 4X the length of that tube
~ Tubes that are small will have a higher wavelength and tubes that are long
will have a lower wavelength
-Articulating - -~ you are changing the size and shape of the vocal tract
along its length (tongue)
, -Vocal Tract Transfer Function (4) - -~the difference between the sound that
enters the vocal tract and the sound that exits.
~ Input to the vocal tract comes from the larynx
~ Output of the vocal tract is what we can hear and record at the lips
~ Output minus the Input
-Formants (4) - -~ a resonant peak in the vocal tract transfer function
~ some frequencies in a given range are amplified in their amplitude such
that they are more prominent than other sounds in the spectrum.
~ there are many for any given vowel but the first 2-3 are looked at the most
~ it is not a sound source, instead it is showing how the vocal tract is
shaping that sound that the larynx gave to it
-Hypokinetic Dysarthria (3) - -~ Related to Parkinson's Disease
~ Weak, monotone voice
~ Treated through 1 Stop Shopping
-Spasmodic Dysphonia (3) - -~ neurolaryngological disorder
~ Strained or strangled voice
~ Treated medically by laryngeal injection
-Muscle Tension Dysphonia (3) - -~ tight pressured voice
~ Creates excessive muscle activity
~ Treated by laryngeal massage
-Analog - -~ Means Analogy: one phenomenon is representative of another
-Microphone (4) - -~ the microphone signal that travels through a wire is
analogous to the pressure that reaches the microphone.
~ It is a transducer: its converting energy from one source to another. The
pressure that reaches the microphone is then changed into and electrical
signal
~ large positive voltage means compression
~ large negative voltage means air rarefaction
-Analog Signals (2) - -~ Continuous in Time and Amplitude: which means
that you could zoom in at any point and not see any gaps
~ Because it is infinite you could not represent it in a table of number
-Digital Signals (4) - -~ they are discrete in Time and Amplitude: a group of
separate numbers that are recorded in one long string (snapshots)
~ Numbers have a finite precision (they have a limited number of decimal
places)
~ They can be represented by a table of numbers.
~ Limitation: you can never know what happens between numbers having a
series of unknowns (DVD).
