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COMD 5070 Exam 1/165 Questions and Answers (A+ Rated)
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COMD 5070 Exam 1/165 Questions and Answers (A+ Rated)
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COMD 5070 Exam 1/165 Questionsand Answers (A+ Rated)
Scientific Method - -empirical, deterministic, predictive, parsimonious
-empirical - -based on data
-deterministic - -obeys physical laws
-predictive - -If you do this, then this will happen
-parsiminious - -uses the simplest explanation possible
-why use technology? - -overcome listener bias, describe severity
objectively, track progress over time, ASHA's focus on evidence-based
practice, provide biofeedback to patient
-how to overcome listener bias? - -consistent, reliable measurements
-how to track progress over time? - -demonstrate treatment efficacy
-biofeedback example - -vizipitch- allows client to view intonation patterns
on a screen so they can see & monitor their own progress
-things clinicians can do that technology can't - -understand the numbers,
examine qualitatively and quantitatively, judgments/ interpreting data
-why understand technology? - -SLP needs to know normal & disordered
physiology; can only provide rational treatment if data is understood; need
to know what numbers from instruments represent; provide expert
interpretation
-3 key arenas of Speech Science - -acoustic phonetics, physiologic
phonetics, speech perception
-physiologic phonetics - -kinematics, aerodynamics, electromyography
-frequency - -how often a waveform repeats; measured in Hz
-simplest sounds - -pure tones
-complex tones - -have more than 1 sine wave (more than 1 sound being
produced together, & they blend); have many frequencies; F0 = strongest;
, perceived pitch follows fundamental; human voice has F0 and harmonics;
auditory system responds to all frequencies
-pitch perception - -linked to frequency; order on a musical scale; subjective
perception; can't be measured w/ instruments; listener matches perceived
pitch to that of a pure tone of a known frequency
-Frequency Difference Limens (DL) - -smallest detectable change in
frequency; DLs increase w/ stimulus frequency; high frequency sounds must
differ more to be heard as different in pitch; as intensity increases, DLs
become larger
-Intensity of speech - -measured in dB SPL
-dB SPL = - -20 (log10 PO/PR)
-periodic relationship - -if frequencies in a complex tone are in a
mathematical relationship to one another such that the harmonics are
multiples of the fundamental; if not periodic, sounds jarring/ discordant
-missing fundamental - -listen to a harmonic series; actual fundamental can
be absent; timbre/ quality is different; pitch is still perceived as the same;
brain processes harmonic structure & fills gap by calculation/ interpolation;
cheap audio equipment- stimulated bass; AKA "residue pitch"
-pitch perception in music - -A or B sounds equivalent up or down; some
note pairs blend harmoniously, some are dissonant; harmonic frequencies
match or don't
-octave - -doubling/ halving of frequency
-Intensity - -measured with a sound level meter; power per unit area
-intensity formula - -watts/meter squared
-loudness - -a perceptual characteristic; judged by listener (not right or
wrong); linked to intensity by psychophysical scale
-magnitude rating - -the process of plotting psychological perceptions of
intensity
-recruitment - -an abnormal growth in loudness
-effect of frequency on loudness - -hearing more sensitive at some
frequencies (lowest thresholds from 1000-5000 Hz); thresholds increase for
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