Bsnc 6000 Module 8: HIV Exam Questions With Correct Answers.
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Course
Bsnc 6000
Institution
Bsnc 6000
Bsnc 6000 Module 8: HIV Exam
Questions With Correct Answers.
HIV definition - answera virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a
person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases. It is spread by contact with certain
bodily fluids of a person with HIV
AIDS defi...
BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
Bsnc 6000 Module 8: HIV Exam
Questions With Correct Answers.
HIV definition - answer✔✔a virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a
person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases. It is spread by contact with certain
bodily fluids of a person with HIV
AIDS definition - answer✔✔a person has AIDS if they have HIV and they have either a CD4+
T-cell count below 200 cells/uL, a CD4+ T-cell percentage of total lymphocytes of less than
14%, or one of the defining illnesses
Pathophysiology of HIV infection (8) - answer✔✔HIV is a virus that uses the glycoprotein
gp120 in order to bind its cellular receptor CD4. There is also a required co-receptor CCR5.
HIV fuses with the cell membrane, releasing two single-stranded RNA molecules. The enzyme
reverse transcriptase converts the RNA to DNA.
HIV DNA passes through pores in the nucleus of the cell.
The enzyme integrase incorporates HIV into the human genome.
Like any other gene in the genome, HIV genes now get transcribed as RNA.
The RNA is translated by the host ribosome.
The enzyme protease is needed to process the new proteins so that they can assemble a virus
capsid.
, BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
HIV buds from the cell to infect another.
what are the 4 types of HIV drugs? What do they target? - answer✔✔Entry inhibitors: target
CCR5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: human cells mostly do not need to employ reverse transcription
Integrase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Entry inhibitors: examples & explanation (+ warning) - answer✔✔Example: maraviroc,
enfuvirtide
Warning: HIV can evolve to use CXCR4
"CCR5 essentially acts as a key for HIV to latch onto a cell. Without a working version of
CCR5, HIV is essentially "locked" out of a person's immune system."
Reverse transcriptase: examples & explanation - answer✔✔Example: emtricitabine, tenofovir
"The genome of HIV carries reverse transcriptase, which is an enzyme that is required for the
synthesis of a DNA copy of the viral RNA genome soon after entry into the newly infected cell.
Without this enzyme, replication of HIV cannot occur"
Integrase inhibitors: examples and explanation - answer✔✔Example: raltegravir
"Integrase is a viral enzyme that inserts the viral genome into the DNA of the host cell, called
integration. Integration is a vital step in retroviral replication, thus blocking this process can halt
the spread of the virus"
Protease inhibitors: examples and explanation - answer✔✔Example: ritonavir
"Protease is a type of enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller proteins or smaller protein
units, such as peptides or amino acids. HIV protease "chops" large precursor proteins into
smaller proteins. These smaller proteins combine with HIV's genetic material to form a new HIV
virus. Protease inhibitors (PIs) prevent HIV from replicating by blocking protease."
What cell requires the HIV receptor in order to perform its function and how does this
contribute/progress to AIDS? - answer✔✔→ Helper T cells (which initiate the adaptive immune
response) require the HIV receptor, CD4, in order to perform its function. This contributes to
AIDS as a hallmark of AIDS pathogenesis is a progressive depletion of CD4+ T-cell
populations, in close association with progressive impairment of cellular immunity and
increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
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