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Human Physiology An Integrated Approach, 8th Edition by Silverthorn
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Test Bank for Human Physiology An IntegratedApproach, 8th Edition by Silverthorn, 9780134605197,
Covering Chapters 1-26 | Includes Rationales
purpose of a physical assessment - ANSWER: a. Gather baseline data about the patient's health status
b. Support or refute subjective data obtained in the nursing history
c. Confirm and identify nursing diagnoses
d. Make clinical judgments about a patient's changing health status and management
e. Evaluate the outcomes of care
principles related to the nurse performing daily physical examinations - ANSWER: a. A head-to-toe
assessment is required daily
b. Reassessment is performed when the patient's condition changes as it improves or worsens
c. The environment, equipment, and patient are properly prepared
d. Safety for confused patients should be a priority
Proper preparation for examination should include - ANSWER: a. Infection control
b. Environment
c. Equipment
d. Physical preparation of the patient
e. Psychological preparation of the patient
List seven variations in the nurse's individual style that are appropriate wen examining older adults.
(7) - ANSWER: a. Do not stereotype about aging patients's level of cognition
b. Be sensitive to sensory or physical limitations (more time)
c. Adequate space is needed
d. use patience, allow for pauses, and observe for details
e. Certain types of information may be stressful to give
f. Perform the examination near bathroom facilities
g. Be alert for signs of increasing fatigue
Identify the principles to follow to keep an examination well organized. (7) - ANSWER: a. Compare
both sides for symmetry
b. If a patient is ill, first assess the systems of the body part most at risk
c. Offer rest periods if the patient becomes fatigued
d. Perform painful procedures near the end of the examination
e. Record assessments in specific terms in the record
f. Use common and accepted medical terms and abbreviations
g. Record quick notes during the examination to avoid delays
inspection - ANSWER: looking, listening, and smelling to distinguish normal from abnormal findings
guidelines for inspection - ANSWER: a. Adequate lighting
b. Use direct light source
c. Inspect each area for size, shape, color, symmetry, position, and abnormality
d. Position and expose body parts as needed, maintaining privacy
e. Check for side-to-side symmetry
f. Validate findings with the patient
, palpation - ANSWER: using the hands to touch body parts.
light palpation - ANSWER: pressing inward 1 cm (superficial)
deep palpation - ANSWER: depressing the area 4 cm to assess the conditions of organs
auscultation - ANSWER: listening to the internal sounds the body makes
frequency - ANSWER: the number of sound wave cycles generated per second by a vibrating object
amplitude - ANSWER: the loudness of a sound, soft to loud
quality - ANSWER: describes sounds of similar frequency and loudness
12 specific observations of the patient's general appearance and behavior that should be reviewed -
ANSWER: a. Gender and race
b. Age
c. Signs of distress
d. Body type
e. Posture
f. Gait
g. Body movements
h. Hygiene and grooming
i. Dress
j. Body odor
k. Affect and mood
l. Speech
Assessment of the skin reveals the patient's health status related to: - ANSWER: a. Oxygenation
b. Circulation
c. Nutrition
d. Local tissue damage
e. Hydration
risk factors for development of skin lesions in hospitals - ANSWER: A. Exposure to pressure during
immobilization
b. Various medications
c. Neurologic impairment
d. Chronic illness
e. Orthopedic injury
f. Diminished mental status
g. Poor tissue oxygenation
h. Low cardiac output
i. Inadequate nutrition
pigmentation. - ANSWER: skin color; it is usually unifrom over the body
cyanosis - ANSWER: - bluish color
Condition: Increased amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin (associated with hypoxia)
Causes: Heart or lung disease, cold environment
Assessment Locations: Nail beds, lips, mouth, skin (severe cases)
pallor - ANSWER: - a decrease in skin color
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