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WJEC CRIMINOCLOGY UNIT 1 FOLDER - CHANIGN AWARENCE OF CRIME
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complete folder for unit 1 controlled assessment, notes are summaries and include case studies
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AC1.1 Type of crime :● analysis of different type of crime using a range of relevant example
Crime is an action that will constitute an offense under english and Welsh law and are
punished by the state.Example of crime are: murder,theft,rape and domestic abuse
Devian is any behavior that breaks social norms/cultural norms or accepted standards.
Society will generally disprove deviant behavior. Examples of deviant behavior are
heavily tattooed, smoking, mental health and fighting.
Offense - A criminal offense is an act or an omission that is unlawful and
punishable by the specific laws of a state or a country
Victim - A person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or
other event or action
Perpetrator - A person who carries out a harmful, illegal, or immoral act
White collar crime is normally financially driven and is a nonviolent victimless crime
committed by a business or government professionals,( computer and internet fraud, tax
evasion). Victims of white collar crime are : strangers on the internet,banks and schools,
insurance companies and rich people. The offenders of white collar crime are: anyone
against the government, people with knowledge of IT, someone who works in business
and mafia and gang members. White collar crime is usually very organized, this means
that it's harder to detect by the general public or the employees of a company as
offenders have sophisticated ways of hiding their activity. In 1939 Edwin Sutherland was
first to discover crimes such as Tax Evasion, Embezzlement, Fraud as White collar
crime as he realized it was these crimes that were in fact committed by people in which
were in a high position of trust.
Moral crime is crime which is against the normal standards of morality in society. Crimes
that come under moral crime are: Prostitution, pornography , illegal dug use and
gambling. Moral crime very depending on what country you are in and the cultural
practices in that country, for example gamblilling is seen as normal in most part of the
world but in the muslim community it’s seen as sinfull, it has serve punishment such as a
year’s imprisonment. However, an english family that doesn’t practice religion would find
gambling as a normal thing, therefore the public awareness of moral crime differ. Victim
of moral crime are often : teenagers, prostitutes, women and patints of mental health.
Offenders of moral crime are : prostitutes and teenagers.
, State crime is illegal or deviant activities perpetrated by state agencies.Criminal crime
which come under state crime are : bribery, false imprisonment, torture by government
and genocide. Victims of crime are: society, poorer countries and local residents.
Offenders of state crime are:members of government officials under the order of the
country's regime. When it comes to state crime, the awareness of crime is very low
considering it is committed by the government themselves.
Technological crime also known as cybercrime is where an offense is committed using
the internet or other technologies.Crime that comes under technological crime are:
hacking ,d-dosing and cyberbullying. Victims of technological crime are: teenagers,
gamers, anyone with access to the internet and vulnerable people.Offenders of
technological crime are: young people, anyone with basic knowledge of the internet and
scammers. Public awareness of technological crime is very high as the number of such
crimes increase.
Hate crime can be used to describe a range of criminal behaviour where the perpetrator
is motivated by hostility or demonstrates hostility towards the victim's disability, race,
religion, sexual orientation or transgender identity. A hate crime can include verbal
abuse, intimidation, threats, harassment, assault and bullying, as well as damage to
property.Victims of hate crime is :anyone who has a protected characteristic (disability,
race, religion, sexual orientation or transgender identity). Offenders tend to hold
prejudiced attitudes (homophobia, Islamophobia or transphobia) about the group they
are hostile towards.
An example of hate crime is Dylan Roof a white supremacist targeted a black church
and shot and killed 9 people.
There has been a greater public awareness of hate crime in recent years due to
increased reporting, investigating and prosecuting of hate crimes.
Honour crime is punishment on people that act are deemed to have brought shame on
the family. Examples of honour crimes are :acid attack, murder. Victims can be anyone
but are mainly female members in Asian families. Offenders of honour crime are usually
male members of the family.
Domestic violence crime is any act targeted against a partner /family member that
happens within the home. Crime that comes under the domestic violence crime is:
assault and verbal abuse. Victims of domestic violence crime are : typically women such
as girlfriends,wives or females involved in intimate relationships, men can also be
victims. Offenders of domestic violence are male in the relationship such as the
boyfriends and husband. The public awareness of domestic violence is low despite the
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