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Chapter 23 Pediatrics Quiz, Evolve Ch. 23 Questions and Answers.
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Chapter 23 Pediatrics Quiz, Evolve Ch. 23 Questions and Answers.
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Chapter 23 Pediatrics Quiz, Evolve Ch. 23Questions and Answers
1. extracellular fluid - Correct Answer Constitutes about half of the total body water
at birth; fluid outside the cell.
2. intracellular fluid - Correct Answer Fluid within the cells.
3. total body water - Correct Answer Constitutes 45% to 75% of body weight.
4. enteral nutrition - Correct Answer Directly nourishes bowel mucosa with
nutrients.
5. aldosterone - Correct Answer Enhances sodium reabsorption in renal tubules.
6. antidiuretic hormone - Correct Answer Released from the posterior pituitary
gland in response to increased osmolality and decreased volume of intravascular
fluid.
7. renin-angiotensin system - Correct Answer Diminished blood flow to the kidneys
stimulates secretion, which reacts with plasma globulin to generate a
vasoconstrictor.
8. dehydration - Correct Answer occurs whenever the total output of fluid exceeds
the total intake.
9. insensible water loss - Correct Answer fluid loss through the skin and
respiratory tract.
10. third spacing - Correct Answer pooling of body fluids in a body space.
11. edema - Correct Answer abnormal accumulation of fluid within the interstitial
tissue and subsequent tissue expansion.
12. oral rehydration solution - Correct Answer used to treat infants with dehydration.
13. interstitial - Correct Answer surrounding the cell and the location of most
extracellular fluid.
14. ascites - Correct Answer accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
15. trans cellular fluid - Correct Answer fluid contained within the body cavities (e.g.
cerebrospinal fluid)
,16. pulmonary edema - Correct Answer occurs when there is an increase in the
interstitial volume.
17. intravascular fluid - Correct Answer fluid contained within the blood vessels.
18. colloids - Correct Answer protein-containing fluid often administered to children
in shock.
19. shock - Correct Answer circulatory failure results in cellular dysfunction and
eventual organ failure.
20. d (tachypnea) - Correct Answer The nurse would expect which of the following
conditions to produce an increased fluid replacement?
a. heart failure
b. high intracranial pressure
c. mechanical ventilation
d. tachypnea
21. a (obese adolescent female) - Correct Answer The nurse recognizes which of
the following individuals as having the least water content in relation to weight?
a. obese adolescent female
b. thin adolescent female
c. obese adolescent male
d. thin adolescent male
22. d (increased extracellular fluid volume) - Correct Answer Infants and young
children are at high risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Which of the
following factors contributes to this vulnerability?
a. decrease BSA
b. lower metabolic rate
c. mature kidney function
d. increased extracellular fluid volume
23. b (the infant's kidneys are functionally immature at birth and this concentration of
formula can cause Chloe to be dehydrated) - Correct Answer Chloe, age 4
weeks, is brought to the clinic by her mother. When asking about Chloe's feeding
schedule, the nurse learns that the mother has been adding twice the required
amount of dry formula powder to water in Chloe's bottles for the past two days.
The mother thinks that this will help Chloe Gain weight faster. Which of the
following does the nurse recognize as true about this practice?
, a. the infant's kidneys are functionally mature at birth and able to handle this
concentration of formula
b. the infant's kidneys are functionally immature at birth and this
concentration of formula can cause Chloe to be dehydrated
c. the infant's kidneys are functionally immature at birth, and this
concentration of formula will cause Chloe to become over-hydrated
d. the infant's kidneys are functionally mature at birth, but because of her
greater BSA and longer gastrointestinal tract, Chloe would need the
formula diluted.
24. c (sodium) - Correct Answer What is the chief solute in extracellular fluid (ECF)
and the primary determinant of ECF?
a. potassium
b. calcium
c. sodium
d. water
25. Isotonic - Correct Answer _________________ dehydration occurs when
electrolyte and water defects are present in balanced proportion.
26. Hypotonic; less - Correct Answer _______________ dehydration occurs when
the electrolyte deficit exceeds the water deficit. There is a greater proportional
loss of extracellular fluid, and plasma sodium concentration is usually
______________ than 130 mEq/L.
27. Hypertonic; loss; intake; greater - Correct Answer ___________________
dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss. This is often
caused by a large __________ of water and/or a large ____________ of
electrolytes. Plasma sodium concentration is ________________ than 150
mEq/L.
28. b (by milliliters per kilogram of body weight) - Correct Answer In infants and
young children, the most accurate means of describing dehydration or fluid loss
is:
a. as a percentage
b. by milliliters per kilogram of body weight
c. by the amount of edema present or absent
d. by the degree of skin elasticity
29. c (tachycardia, oliguria, capillary filling within 2 to 4 seconds) - Correct Answer
An infant with moderate dehydration has what clinical signs?
a. mottled skin color, decreased pulse and respirations
b. decreased urinary output, tachycardia, and fever
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