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Summary Methods of Research and Intervention

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Summary of the course and lectures: Methods of Research and Intervention for first year students Business Administration from the book Vennix: Research methodology, custom edition

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  • October 28, 2019
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  • 2019/2020
  • Summary
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Samenvatting MRI – Tentamenstof 2019

Theme 1: Introduction to research methods
1) Introduction, Methodological considerations (V. chapters 1,2,3)
2) Research design (V. chapters 4,5)
3) Conceptualization, operationalization, measurement (V. chapters 6,7,8)
Theme 2: Different research strategies
4) Quantitative empirical research: sampling and causal analysis (V. chapters 4,9)
5) Qualitative empirical research (V. chapters 10,11)
6) Practice oriented research/interventions, system dynamics (V. chapters 12,13)
Theme 3: Logic of inquiry and research design
7) The logic of inquiry and research design (V. chapter 14)

Theme 1: introduction, methodological considerations (chapters 1-8)

 Lecture 1 – introduction, methodological considerations

Ontology: the way how we see the world  the way two people look at the world may have
much in common but may also differ at essential points (how do we know what is real?)

Science: a method of inquiry – a way of learning and knowing things about the world around
us
 Science deals with logic and with the real world (empirie)
 making sense of the world in a specific way
 Generation of new knowledge through systematic research
 scientific assertion must have logical and empirical support

Agreement reality  we need watching, thinking and knowing (Goethe)
 reach an agreement on the way we work as scientists, how we watch,

how we translate our observations into knowledge (epistemology)
Epistemology = the science of knowing, systems of knowledge
Methodology = the science of finding out; procedures for scientific investigation
How is it investigated? Why is it investigated this way?

What is really real?  Vennix 
 The premodern view – things are as they seem (positivism)
 Critical rationalism (post positivism)
Opinions and views about the world  questions about science creation of knowledge

3 ways of learning:
1) Deduction
 Use in logic and in the sciences: the starting point is what we already know
2) Induction
 We create new knowledge from gathering information in the world around us
(empirical situation)  Vennix p.29
3) Abduction

,  Creating a hypothesis which explains an empirical phenomenon Connection between
P and Q (Vennix p.26)
Four options
1) P is true, what about Q
2) P is not true, what about Q
3) Q is true, what about P
4) Q is not true, what about P

Example: When it rains the street gets wet
P = it rains
Q = the street gets wet
1) Easy  When P then Q
2) Difficult  what can we say about Q? it is not per definition true
3) Difficult  What can we say about P? it is not per definition true
4) Easy  When Q is not true then P is not true

Group think (Vennix p.52)

 Inaccurate observations
 Overgeneralizations (all…are…)  Woman are better in multitasking then men
 Selective perception/observation (looking for confirmation and common patterns)
 “resistance to change” workers in general do not like changeresistance to change” workers in general do not like change
 resistance to change = high when workers find out that the change agents don’t
have a clear view on the existing problems, and the change agents come up with
incomplete or contra-productive solutions
 Illogical reasoning (the exception that proves the rule)
 The exception that proves the rule: heard in many conversations: nonsense
 An exception must make us alert that the proposition or the statement may be
incorrect
 many statements begin with “resistance to change” workers in general do not like changeeverybody knows”  based on horse sense

Authority and tradition
 both might be helpful or an obstacle for scientific work
Authority: might help to steer your research in the right direction
Might hinder you to develop your own ideas
Tradition: helpful to stand your ground as the public opinion does not agree with
your ideas of working
Might hinder your work because of promoting no-go areas for research

 Lecture 2 - research design

Research design = a design is actually a strategy or a plan of action regarding how to move
from a research question towards answers or conclusions (Vennix p. 86-87)
Research question  research design  outcomes

, The ‘Wheel of Science’ (Vennix p.74)

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