NSCA-CSCS Chapter 2 Test Questions and Answers
Heart - Answer-a muscular organ comprised of two interconnected but seperate pumps.
Hemoglobin - Answer-the transport of oxygen is accomplished by this iron-protein molecule carried by the red blood cells. Also has an important additional role a...
Heart - Answer-a muscular organ comprised of two interconnected but seperate pumps.
Hemoglobin - Answer-the transport of oxygen is accomplished by this iron-protein
molecule carried by the red blood cells. Also has an important additional role as an acid-
base buffer, a regulator of hydrogen ion concentration, which is crucial to the rates of
chemical reactions in cells.
H-Zone - Answer-in middle of sarcomere, contains myosin
I-Band - Answer-at edges of the sarcomere, contains actin
Inferior - Answer-Closer to the feet
Insertion - Answer-the muscle's distal (away from the center of the body) attachment
Intrafusal Fibers - Answer-modified muscle fibers that run parrallel to the normal
extrafusal muscle fibers.
Left and Right Bundle Branches - Answer-further divide into the Purkinje fibers and
conduct impulses to all parts of the ventricles
Mitral Valve - Answer-Also known as the bicuspid valve and prevents the flow of blood
from the ventricles back into the atria on the left side of the heart during ventricular
contraction or systole.
Motor Neuron - Answer-neurons located in the central nervous system (CNS) that
project their axons outside the CNS to directly or indirectly control muscles.
Motor Unit - Answer-a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
Muscle Fiber - Answer-long, multinucleated cell that generates force when stimulated;
consists of myofibrils divided into sarcomeres.
Muscle Spindle - Answer-proprioceptors that consist of several modified muscle fibers
enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue. They provide information concerning muscle
length and the rate of the change in length.
Myocardium - Answer-heart muscle
, Myofibril - Answer-portion of muscle composed of thick and thin myofilaments (actin and
myosin)
Myofilament - Answer-consists of two types: myosin and actin
Myosin - Answer-Show up darker under a microscope. Thick Filaments. In A band and
H zone
Neuromuscular Junction - Answer-the junction between a motor neuron and the muscle
fibers it innervates. Also known as the motor end plate. Site of communication between
neuron and muscle.
Origin - Answer-the muscle's proximal (toward the center of the body) attachment
Parasympathetic Nervous System - Answer-part of the autonomic nervous system. Rest
and Digest division of the ANS. Opposes sympathetic effects.
Perimysium - Answer-covers bundles of muscle fibers (fasciculi)
Pleura - Answer-membranes enveloping the lungs and lining the chest walls.
Pleural Pressure - Answer-the pressure in the narrow space between the lung pleura
and the chest wall pleaura
To what structures do the cross-bridges attach during muscle action? - Answer-Actin
Which substance regulates muscle actions? - Answer-Calcium
Which substance acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the muscle fibers of a
motor unit? - Answer-Acetylcholine
Which muscle fiber type is the MOST beneficial for a marathon runner? - Answer-Type I
When throwing a baseball, an athlete's arm is rapidly stretched just prior to throwing the
ball. Which of the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively
increasing muscle activity? - Answer-Muscle Spindle
From what is the heart's electrical impulse normally initiated? - Answer-SA Node
Which of the following occurs during the QRS complex of a typical ECG? - Answer-
repolarization of the atrium and depolarization of the ventricle.
A-Band - Answer-overlapping actin and myosin
acetylcholine - Answer-Arrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal causes
release of a neurotransmitter, ______, which diffuses across the neuromuscular
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