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OB NURA 404 STUDY EXAM 1
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OB NURA 404 STUDY EXAM 1What can the transvaginal ultrasound detect? - ANSWER * pregnancy
* Number of babies
* cervical length
* amniotic fluid volume
* placental location
* fetal presentation
* estimated fetal weight
Function of placenta - ANSWER Gas and nutrient exchange between mother and
fetus
acid base balance
produces hCG, hPL, estrogen, progesterone
function of the umbilical cord - ANSWER supplies nutrients and oxygen to fetus
conduit between fetus and placenta
Filled with Wharton's jelly
Typically has two arteries and one vein
Clamped and cut after birth
Will fall off baby after about 10 days
Input to baby: vein
Output from baby to placenta: umbilical arteries
The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the
placenta. Conversely, the fetal heart pumps low-oxygen, nutrient-depleted blood
,through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta.
Function of amniotic fluid - ANSWER Forms after about 12 days, clear or tinted
yellow
Too much: polyhydramnios
Not enough: oligohydramnios
Cushions and protects baby
Keeps a steady temperature around baby
Helps your baby's lungs grow and develop
Helps baby's digestive system develop because baby swallows the fluid
Allows movement and for baby's symmetry
Keeps the umbilical cord (the cord that carries food and oxygen from the placenta
to your baby) from being squeezed
Normal fetal development milestones (some major milestones, not all) - ANSWER
Week 6: Beginning formation of lungs
Week 7: Fetal heartbeat can be heard with a Doppler
Week 8: Heart development complete
Weeks 13 - 16: Fetal movement (also known as quickening) detected by the mother
Weeks 17 - 20: Fetal heart tones can be heard with stethoscope
Weeks 21 - 24: Alveoli forming in lungs; Lungs begin to produce surfactant
Weeks 25 - 28: Eyelids open and close; Fetus usually assumes head-down position
Subjective (presumptive) signs of pregnancy - ANSWER Fatigue (12 weeks)
Breast tenderness (3-4 weeks)
Nausea and vomiting (4-14 weeks)
,Amenorrhea (4 weeks)
Urinary frequency (6-12 weeks)
Hyperpigmentation of the skin (16 weeks)
Fetal movements known as quickening (16-20 weeks)
Uterine enlargement (7-12 weeks)
Breast enlargement (6 weeks)
Probable signs of pregnancy - ANSWER Braxton Hicks contractions (16-28
weeks)
Positive pregnancy test (4-12 weeks)
Abdominal enlargement (14 weeks)
Ballottement (16-28 weeks)
Goodell sign (5 weeks)
Chadwick sign (6-8 weeks)
Hegar sign (6-12 weeks)
Positive signs of pregnancy - ANSWER Ultrasound verification of embryo or fetus
(4-6 weeks)
Fetal movement felt by experienced clinician (20 weeks)
Auscultation of fetal heart tones via Doppler (10-12 weeks)
Chadwick's sign - ANSWER bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and
cervix (probable sign of pregnancy)
, Hegar sign - ANSWER softening of the lower uterine segment or isthmus
(probable sign of pregnancy)
quickening - ANSWER Movements of the fetus that can be felt by the mother
Linea nigra - ANSWER skin in middle of abdomen can develop a pigmented
vertical line
Ballottement - ANSWER Examiner pushes against the woman's cervix during a
pelvic examination and feels a rebound from floating fetus
Braxton Hicks contractions - ANSWER intermittent painless uterine contractions
that occur with increasing frequency as the pregnancy progresses
Change position or engage in mild exercise to reduce sensation
Drink more fluids if possible
Nutritional needs of pregnant woman and fetus - ANSWER Caloric need increases
by about 340 in first trimester, increase by an additional 200 in lactating woman.
Protein needs increase from 60 to 80g
Water: 8 glasses daily
Increased Vitamin A to 770 mcg (big jump when lactating)
Increased Vitamin C to 85mg (big jump when lactating)
Maintain Vitamin D
Folate increase to 600mcg
Calcium maintain at 1,000mg
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